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Why Ants are Hard (1998)
| Venue: | University of Wisconsin |
| Citations: | 66 - 14 self |
BibTeX
@INPROCEEDINGS{Langdon98whyants,
author = {W. B. Langdon and R. Poli},
title = {Why Ants are Hard},
booktitle = {University of Wisconsin},
year = {1998},
pages = {193--201},
publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}
}
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Abstract
The problem of programming an artificial ant to follow the Santa Fe trail is used as an example program search space. Analysis of shorter solutions shows they have many of the characteristics often ascribed to manually coded programs. Enumeration of a small fraction of the total search space and random sampling characterise it as rugged with many multiple plateaus split by deep valleys and many local and global optima. This suggests it is difficult for hill climbing algorithms. Analysis of the program search space in terms of fixed length schema suggests it is highly deceptive and that for the simplest solutions large building blocks must be assembled before they have above average fitness. In some cases we show solutions cannot be assembled using a fixed representation from small building blocks of above average fitness. These suggest the Ant problem is difficult for Genetic Algorithms. Random sampling of the program search space suggests on average the density of global optima change...
Keyphrases
average fitness program search space example program search space small building block fixed representation genetic algorithm global optimum deep valley total search space small fraction fixed length schema global optimum change many multiple plateau ant problem coded program artificial ant santa fe trail random sampling
