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...dom of Cambodia. In second phase, this study employed quantitativesmethod, through a survey questionnaire. Quantitative research allows researchers to remainsobjective in reporting research findings (=-=Leedy & Ormrod, 2005-=-). The questionnairesinstrument used a 5-point Likert scale. Leedy & Ormrod (2005) revealed that using ratingsscale and allowing multiple individuals to complete the same survey independently of eachs...

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...rsons of both school effectiveness and student achievement. Thesschool-effectiveness literature of the 1970s reported the principal as a key person for anseffective school (Brookover & Lezotte, 1979; =-=Edmonds, 1979-=-; Rutter, Maughan, Mortimore,sOuston, & Smith, 1979). Many researchers have attempted to describe effective schools,sreinforcing the notion that the principal plays the main role in achieving student ...

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...ive categories (Cotton, 2003), five domains (Ministry ofsEducation, Malaysia, 2013), six domains (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport, 2010), sixs167sOJED, Vol.10, No.3, 2015, pp.159-173sclusters (=-=Boyatzis, 1982-=-), six clusters (Spencer & Spencer, 1993), and seven clusterss(Shermon, 2004). The content of these competency dimensions in this study was alsosconsistent with Cotton (2003) describing five categorie...

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...onsivescausing school directors to follow the policy and could not establish school vision, mission,sand goals. Literature claims that this competency is important to school principals (Cotton,s2003; =-=Marzano, Waters, & McNulty, 2005-=-), leads to authentic leadership (Begley, 2006). Of 15scompetencies to be developed, the competency of strategic thinking and planning had thesleast priority needs. Cambodian school directors had been...

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...five domains (Ministry ofsEducation, Malaysia, 2013), six domains (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport, 2010), sixs167sOJED, Vol.10, No.3, 2015, pp.159-173sclusters (Boyatzis, 1982), six clusters (=-=Spencer & Spencer, 1993-=-), and seven clusterss(Shermon, 2004). The content of these competency dimensions in this study was alsosconsistent with Cotton (2003) describing five categories of school principals’ behaviorsscontri...

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... Mortimore,sOuston, & Smith, 1979). Many researchers have attempted to describe effective schools,sreinforcing the notion that the principal plays the main role in achieving student academicssuccess (=-=Hallinger & Heck, 1996-=-; Whitaker, 2003). Moreover it is reported that principals resultsin a difference in students’ learning of the school as principals make a significant andsmeasurable contribution to the effectiveness ...

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...choolsprincipals as main persons of both school effectiveness and student achievement. Thesschool-effectiveness literature of the 1970s reported the principal as a key person for anseffective school (=-=Brookover & Lezotte, 1979-=-; Edmonds, 1979; Rutter, Maughan, Mortimore,sOuston, & Smith, 1979). Many researchers have attempted to describe effective schools,sreinforcing the notion that the principal plays the main role in ach...

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...h one to seven competencies. This research finding agreed with competencysliterature. The number of competency dimensions (7 dimensions) was appropriate asssupported by many authors, five categories (=-=Cotton, 2003-=-), five domains (Ministry ofsEducation, Malaysia, 2013), six domains (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport, 2010), sixs167sOJED, Vol.10, No.3, 2015, pp.159-173sclusters (Boyatzis, 1982), six cluster...

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...e. However, limitation of this framework is detected. Thessynthesis was conducted based on researchers’ ideas, and thus bias may occur. It is better ifsthe synthesis is applied using concept mapping (=-=Jackson & Trochim, 2002-=-) in order tosanalyze open-ended content systematically and statistically; still, it is a time consumingsconcern. In terms of language dimension which received from the interview result, itsmatched wi...

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...rning of the school as principals make a significant andsmeasurable contribution to the effectiveness either of staff and in the learning of students instheir responsibilities (Andrews & Soder, 1987; =-=Murphy & Hallinger, 1992-=-). The influence ofsprincipal leadership is largely contributed to and has either direct or indirect effectsspositively on student achievement (Bossert, Dwyer, Rowan, & Lee, 1982; Hallinger & Heck,s19...

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...ensure that consensus andsconsequence oriented decisions remain genuinely democratic a school administratorsincorporate the components of values informed deliberations into decision-makingsprocesses (=-=Begley, 2006-=-). While the dimension of morality, values, and ethics of leadershipswas scored the highest, the policy and direction dimension received the lowest mean value.sThe problems suggested by the majority o...

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...ilities (Andrews & Soder, 1987; Murphy & Hallinger, 1992). The influence ofsprincipal leadership is largely contributed to and has either direct or indirect effectsspositively on student achievement (=-=Bossert, Dwyer, Rowan, & Lee, 1982-=-; Hallinger & Heck,s1998).sAlthough competency is not new, paying for competency is rapidly gatheringsattention. In Cambodia, the National Development Policies and Priorities support and fostersthe de...

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...ith, 1979). Many researchers have attempted to describe effective schools,sreinforcing the notion that the principal plays the main role in achieving student academicssuccess (Hallinger & Heck, 1996; =-=Whitaker, 2003-=-). Moreover it is reported that principals resultsin a difference in students’ learning of the school as principals make a significant andsmeasurable contribution to the effectiveness either of staff ...

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...t is a part of career management, such as job rotation andspromotion. Academics claim that career management enhance mobility which leads to ansincrease in competency development in the organization (=-=Karaevli & Hall, 2006-=-).sRecommendationssRecommendation for utilizations1. This research result revealed that there were fifteen competencies to besdeveloped. Therefore, school directors and Phnom Penh Municipal Department...

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...(2009), however, claimed that training in itself does not meet the desirable level ofscompetency development. This results from a lack of interest into the processes precedingsand following training (=-=Tannenbaum & Yukl, 1992-=-). The research indicates that In order tosenhance the effectiveness of their training, organizations increasingly develop structuredsplans that consist of need analysis, the training itself, and a fo...

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...ool directors could be summarized as three main points – training, self-study, and policysfrom parent department or ministry. This research finding agreed with previous research (Lais& Kapstad, 2009; =-=Nybø, 2004-=-), the research showed that organizations engaged training, onthe-job learning, and career development in competency development. Lai and Kapstads(2009), however, claimed that training in itself does ...

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...nge for principals to get involved with the above mentionedscommitment given that they have never been tried on their ability to successfully managestheir schools with little government intervention (=-=Ai, 2006-=-). Imposing these newsresponsibilities on school principals means that principals’ competencies must besdetermined and measured.sAfter fifth-mandated election, MoEYS strengthen the quality of educatio...

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...nding thatscompetency of school administrators under Suphan Buri Educational Service Area Office 2 ins168sOJED, Vol.10, No.3, 2015, pp.159-173soverall leveled high, as well as many previous research (=-=Hadwiset, 2008-=-; Sattasathuchana,s2006; Srichanvaing, 2010). However, this study found that language dimension was at thesmoderate level. This is because Cambodian school directors are appointed but not recruitedsan...

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... secondary schoolsprincipals was conducted by SEAMEO RETRAC The course aimed to improve management,sleadership and competencies of secondary school principals in Cambodia, Lao PDR andsVietnam (SEAMEO =-=Secretariat, 2002-=-).sMoEYS showed that school principals in Cambodia have now become required toscommit themselves to students in classrooms, its assessment and evaluation as well as tosschool administration (MoEYS, 20...