Citation Context

...gesofssubsidizedscommodities to black markets represents as much as 31% of the supply of bread and 20% ofsthe supply of sugar and cooking oil.50 While the subsidy programs were exemplary endeavorss47 =-=Rodrik, 1996-=-s48 Ghoneim, 2012s49 Trego, 2011s50 Rohac, 2013s46sof ensuring the availability of food necessities without the complexities and accountingschallenges of income transfers to citizens, the mistargeted ...

Citation Context

...e the concepts of self-sufficiency and external dependency in food procurement insthe context of globalized commodity markets.9 Harriet Friedmann provides a compellings6 Patnaik, 1996s7 Ivory, 1990s8 =-=Friedmann, 1993-=-s9 McMichael, 1994s5saccount of this transition in her article The Political Economy of Food: a Global Crisis.10 Shescharacterizes the postwar food regime as one that favored the maintenance of nation...

Citation Context

...self-sufficiency and external dependency in food procurement insthe context of globalized commodity markets.9 Harriet Friedmann provides a compellings6 Patnaik, 1996s7 Ivory, 1990s8 Friedmann, 1993s9 =-=McMichael, 1994-=-s5saccount of this transition in her article The Political Economy of Food: a Global Crisis.10 Shescharacterizes the postwar food regime as one that favored the maintenance of national farmsprograms t...

Citation Context

...hich prompted a renaissance in export cropping in the developing world) as causes to thescrisis.24 In contrast, Cornell Professor Philip McMichael views the wider context of thes20 Maxwell, 1999s21 J.=-=Cohen & arrett, 2010-=-s22 UN. The Global Social Crisis. 2011s23 Maxwell, 1999s24 Headey & Fan, 2008s8scontemporary food regime as a central catalyst for the crisis.25 Whereas my paper does notsparticipate in this debate pe...

Citation Context

...ofuel productions(which prompted a renaissance in export cropping in the developing world) as causes to thescrisis.24 In contrast, Cornell Professor Philip McMichael views the wider context of thes20 =-=Maxwell, 1999-=-s21 J.Cohen & arrett, 2010s22 UN. The Global Social Crisis. 2011s23 Maxwell, 1999s24 Headey & Fan, 2008s8scontemporary food regime as a central catalyst for the crisis.25 Whereas my paper does notspar...

Citation Context

...ses to result in civil unrest, this paper first outlines thesmechanisms of the 2007-2008 food crisis and the historical context from which it emerged.s1 Sutton, Naguib, Vournelis, & Dickinson, 2013s2 =-=McMichael, 2009-=-s2sSecond, this paper reviews an array of existing research that connects changes in food pricesswith the incidence of civil unrest while presenting explanations for why such riots occurredsin some co...

Citation Context

...th the narrow special interestsgroups that so often maintain profound power among weaker governments or partialsdemocracies, let alone authoritarian regimes such as President Mubarak's. While goods46 =-=Frischtak, 1994-=-s45seconomics sometimes make good politics only in the long term, authoritarian governmentssexperiencing widespread political opposition rarely enact policy outside the range of thespopular political ...

Citation Context

...d a process of rapid liberalization and an end to regular surplus dumpingsover the course of the 1970s. In consequence, the behavior of profoundly volatile foods10 Friedmann, 1993s11 Watkins, 1995s12 =-=Srinivasan, 1989-=-s13 Friedmann, 1993s14 Schnittker, 1973s6smarkets began to govern access to food in the developing world, which still lacks the meanssfor adequate indigenous agricultural production.15sThe emergence o...

Citation Context

...a. These variables are statistically significant, even though the article retreatssfrom establishingscausality.sAlso,sitsissimportantstosnoticesthatsthesarticlesconsiderssasverys27 Bellemare, 2011s28 =-=Berazneva & Lee, 2013-=-s10snarrow subset of riots and protests that excludes cases upon cases of civil unrest that did notsresult in casualties or were otherwise too minor for the authors to consider.sAbove all, this paper ...

Citation Context

...spread civil unrest it experienced and the clear connections of that unrest to the foodsprice crisis; hence, any successful statistical model ought to relate to Egypt's experience atsleast in part.s3 =-=Lagi, Bertrand, & Bar-Yam, 2011-=-s3sTherefore, the empirical model that ensues from the statistical testing seeks to determine thesfactors of the political economy in which food price volatility and subsequent food riots aresmost lik...

Citation Context

...e country. Insturn, the second component is a ration card program that enables low-income card recipientssto purchase quotas of additional commodities from prearranged outlets at subsidized costs.s34 =-=Ahmed, Bouis, Gutner, & Löfgren, 2001-=-s35 Ramadan & Thomas, 2011s36 Trego, 2011s37 Ahmed et al., 2001s41sThe significance of the subsidy programs to the society meant that maintaining theirssustainability through times of crisis was an un...

Citation Context

...scommodities to black markets represents as much as 31% of the supply of bread and 20% ofsthe supply of sugar and cooking oil.50 While the subsidy programs were exemplary endeavorss47 Rodrik, 1996s48 =-=Ghoneim, 2012-=-s49 Trego, 2011s50 Rohac, 2013s46sof ensuring the availability of food necessities without the complexities and accountingschallenges of income transfers to citizens, the mistargeted expansion of the ...

Citation Context

...transcended scarcitysto include the concepts of self-sufficiency and external dependency in food procurement insthe context of globalized commodity markets.9 Harriet Friedmann provides a compellings6 =-=Patnaik, 1996-=-s7 Ivory, 1990s8 Friedmann, 1993s9 McMichael, 1994s5saccount of this transition in her article The Political Economy of Food: a Global Crisis.10 Shescharacterizes the postwar food regime as one that f...

Citation Context

... an end to regular surplus dumpingsover the course of the 1970s. In consequence, the behavior of profoundly volatile foods10 Friedmann, 1993s11 Watkins, 1995s12 Srinivasan, 1989s13 Friedmann, 1993s14 =-=Schnittker, 1973-=-s6smarkets began to govern access to food in the developing world, which still lacks the meanssfor adequate indigenous agricultural production.15sThe emergence of the contemporary food regime as a pro...

Citation Context

...f the crisis,sEgypt's domestic wheat production was so inadequate in satisfying demand that the countrysbecame the second largest importer of wheat in the world.39 Since the crisis, Egyptian wheats38 =-=Breisinger et al., 2013-=-s39 Trego, 2011s42simports have continued to grow so much that the country is now the world's largest wheatsimporter.40sThe successes of the subsidy programs in guaranteeing the availability of afford...

Citation Context

...citysto include the concepts of self-sufficiency and external dependency in food procurement insthe context of globalized commodity markets.9 Harriet Friedmann provides a compellings6 Patnaik, 1996s7 =-=Ivory, 1990-=-s8 Friedmann, 1993s9 McMichael, 1994s5saccount of this transition in her article The Political Economy of Food: a Global Crisis.10 Shescharacterizes the postwar food regime as one that favored the mai...

Citation Context

...hat enables low-income card recipientssto purchase quotas of additional commodities from prearranged outlets at subsidized costs.s34 Ahmed, Bouis, Gutner, & Löfgren, 2001s35 Ramadan & Thomas, 2011s36 =-=Trego, 2011-=-s37 Ahmed et al., 2001s41sThe significance of the subsidy programs to the society meant that maintaining theirssustainability through times of crisis was an unequivocally essential endeavor in minimiz...

Citation Context

...dsof riots in Africa. These variables are statistically significant, even though the article retreatssfrom establishingscausality.sAlso,sitsissimportantstosnoticesthatsthesarticlesconsiderssasverys27 =-=Bellemare, 2011-=-s28 Berazneva & Lee, 2013s10snarrow subset of riots and protests that excludes cases upon cases of civil unrest that did notsresult in casualties or were otherwise too minor for the authors to conside...

Citation Context

...r at what price. At thessame time, the international development community has promoted the commodificationsand globalization of food: development initiatives encouraged a movement from subsistences4 =-=Friedmann, 1995-=-s5 Magdoff, 2008s4sfarming to export-oriented commercial farming, which promised a stream of currency thatscould be used to reduce debt, purchase goods and, most notably, replace the farm output thats...

Citation Context

...toscontain the damage of food price crises. These considerations encumber the conceptualsvalidity of the variable (or underscore an extraneous factor that is not controlled) and mays31 Patel, 2012s32 =-=Goldman, 2012-=-s33 "Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: Performance and Potential," 1999s23sexplain why the sign of the coefficient is positive rather than negative. But since the variablesremains statistically sig...

Citation Context

...s on food, and ifsneeded draw on external finance to support the balance of payments and internationalsreserves.”30 The combination of this variable as well as previously mentioned variable on thes29 =-=Pessoa & Williams, 2012-=-s30 "Policy Options for Riding Out Food, Fuel Price Spikes," 2012s22ssize of the external debt stock provides a great measure of the fiscal space that Beidas-Stromsmentions.sThe statistical significan...

Citation Context

...is a ration card program that enables low-income card recipientssto purchase quotas of additional commodities from prearranged outlets at subsidized costs.s34 Ahmed, Bouis, Gutner, & Löfgren, 2001s35 =-=Ramadan & Thomas, 2011-=-s36 Trego, 2011s37 Ahmed et al., 2001s41sThe significance of the subsidy programs to the society meant that maintaining theirssustainability through times of crisis was an unequivocally essential ende...

Citation Context

... food subsidy expenditures, which rose from $2.36 billion to $4.69sbillion within the same time period.45 Therefore, the quantitative study accurately predictss43 Ahmed et al., 2001s44 Trego, 2011s45 =-=Rohac, 2013-=-s44sthe occurrence of riots in Egypt when the political economy is characterized by mountingsdeficits, and the case example reveals the context of the mounting deficits as a series of policysdecisions...