Citation Context

...nc- tion is lost, but facial and eye muscle control remain intact. In such cases, non-invasive means of restora- tion of reaching and grasping promises to offer sig- nificant benefits at limited risk and cost and is ad- dressed in this study. The kinds of tasks that EEG BCI designs have been applied to include spelling for communication for ALS and locked-in patients [1], computer games in normal subjects for purposes of BCI development [2] and navigation of nearly autonomous intelligent robots [3] Meanwhile, invasive BCI designs have shown effective restoration of grasp function in mon- keys [4, 5] and are currently being tested in human patients.In the comparison of risks and benefits of various BMI designs, one of the significant performance met- rics to consider is the expected speed-accuracy trade- off for reaching movements. Some invasive BMI studies for monkeys report robot movements as fast as 2 seconds and trajectory accuracies on the order of 2 cm [4, 6]. While there are many other valid perform- ance measures, even after restricting criteria to those based on task performance, given that some BMI de- signs go so far as orienting grippers and grabbing ob- jects, it is point-to-...

Citation Context

...], computer games in normal subjects for purposes of BCI development [2] and navigation of nearly autonomous intelligent robots [3] Meanwhile, invasive BCI designs have shown effective restoration of grasp function in mon- keys [4, 5] and are currently being tested in human patients.In the comparison of risks and benefits of various BMI designs, one of the significant performance met- rics to consider is the expected speed-accuracy trade- off for reaching movements. Some invasive BMI studies for monkeys report robot movements as fast as 2 seconds and trajectory accuracies on the order of 2 cm [4, 6]. While there are many other valid perform- ance measures, even after restricting criteria to those based on task performance, given that some BMI de- signs go so far as orienting grippers and grabbing ob- jects, it is point-to-point movement speed and accu- racy that remains the most basic of motor perform- ance measures which can be expected to affect per- formance in more complex tasks. We have set up an experiment in which the accu- racy of a single reach is limited by the performance of gaze tracking and the speed is limited by the perform- ance of a non-invasive BCI design. Using typing ...

Citation Context

...t and surgical risks. Nevertheless the relative number of these cases is rare: much more common are cases of spinal trauma induced tetraplegia, in which arm func- tion is lost, but facial and eye muscle control remain intact. In such cases, non-invasive means of restora- tion of reaching and grasping promises to offer sig- nificant benefits at limited risk and cost and is ad- dressed in this study. The kinds of tasks that EEG BCI designs have been applied to include spelling for communication for ALS and locked-in patients [1], computer games in normal subjects for purposes of BCI development [2] and navigation of nearly autonomous intelligent robots [3] Meanwhile, invasive BCI designs have shown effective restoration of grasp function in mon- keys [4, 5] and are currently being tested in human patients.In the comparison of risks and benefits of various BMI designs, one of the significant performance met- rics to consider is the expected speed-accuracy trade- off for reaching movements. Some invasive BMI studies for monkeys report robot movements as fast as 2 seconds and trajectory accuracies on the order of 2 cm [4, 6]. While there are many other valid perform- ance measures, even af...

Citation Context

...nc- tion is lost, but facial and eye muscle control remain intact. In such cases, non-invasive means of restora- tion of reaching and grasping promises to offer sig- nificant benefits at limited risk and cost and is ad- dressed in this study. The kinds of tasks that EEG BCI designs have been applied to include spelling for communication for ALS and locked-in patients [1], computer games in normal subjects for purposes of BCI development [2] and navigation of nearly autonomous intelligent robots [3] Meanwhile, invasive BCI designs have shown effective restoration of grasp function in mon- keys [4, 5] and are currently being tested in human patients.In the comparison of risks and benefits of various BMI designs, one of the significant performance met- rics to consider is the expected speed-accuracy trade- off for reaching movements. Some invasive BMI studies for monkeys report robot movements as fast as 2 seconds and trajectory accuracies on the order of 2 cm [4, 6]. While there are many other valid perform- ance measures, even after restricting criteria to those based on task performance, given that some BMI de- signs go so far as orienting grippers and grabbing ob- jects, it is point-to-...

Citation Context

...hese cases is rare: much more common are cases of spinal trauma induced tetraplegia, in which arm func- tion is lost, but facial and eye muscle control remain intact. In such cases, non-invasive means of restora- tion of reaching and grasping promises to offer sig- nificant benefits at limited risk and cost and is ad- dressed in this study. The kinds of tasks that EEG BCI designs have been applied to include spelling for communication for ALS and locked-in patients [1], computer games in normal subjects for purposes of BCI development [2] and navigation of nearly autonomous intelligent robots [3] Meanwhile, invasive BCI designs have shown effective restoration of grasp function in mon- keys [4, 5] and are currently being tested in human patients.In the comparison of risks and benefits of various BMI designs, one of the significant performance met- rics to consider is the expected speed-accuracy trade- off for reaching movements. Some invasive BMI studies for monkeys report robot movements as fast as 2 seconds and trajectory accuracies on the order of 2 cm [4, 6]. While there are many other valid perform- ance measures, even after restricting criteria to those based on task performance...

Citation Context

... tify reaching movement performance using EEG and gaze tracking signals. To achieve this the Berlin Brain Computer Interface has been linked to an eye and head tracker. The task studied was typing at a virtual keyboard, with a data information transfer rate of the resulting BCI of 70 bits/s, demonstrating that non- invasive BCI designs can provide useful means to command robotic devices for Brain Machine Interface (BMI) reaching tasks. I. INTRODUCTION BCI interfaces present a unique opportunity for the restoration of motor and communicative function for patients challenged by severe paralysis [1]. As the clinical causes of impairment can greatly vary, so can the residual level of motor ability and the specific need of assistive technology. In the most affected pa- tients, the ‘locked-in’ group, there is no residual mo- tor ability. As there are no other means available to the patient to communicate with outside world, both invasive and non-invasive BCI use is warranted, within the limits posed by limited patient consent and surgical risks. Nevertheless the relative number of these cases is rare: much more common are cases of spinal trauma induced tetraplegia, in which arm func- tion i...

Citation Context

...d tracker (3Space Fastrack, Polhemus, Colchester, VT) by means of elastic band strapped glasses. The combination of stereo eye tracker and head tracker was calibrated to locate the point of gaze on ISSN(Online): 2320-9801 ISSN (Print): 2320-9798 International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol.1, Issue 8, October 2014 Copyright to IJIRCCE www.ijircce.com 1637 an LCD monitor. A picture of the experimental set- up is found in Figure 1. The EEG classification was based using the common spatial patterns algorithm [7], in a three class paradigm, consisting of a ‘left’ handed movement imaginations and a ‘relax’ class. Parameters were chosen such that there was considerable bias towards the rest class. Deviations from the rest class were then used to trigger desired commands if gaze was steady at that particular time. The subject, after the standard 30min BBCI train- ing procedure, was instructed to type at a virtual keyboard shown on a computer monitor. Its layout was based on the QWERTY arrangement, keeping only the letters, ‘space’ and ‘delete’ keys. The subject was asked to focus on the letter he wished ...