, physics, biology, control and signal processing, information theory, complexity theory, and psychology (see [45]). Neural networks have provided a fertile soil for the infusion (and occasionally confusion) of ideas, as well as a meeting ground for comparing viewpoints, sharing tools, and renovating

of microclimate and ecological patterns, processes, physiology, and biological diversity. Microclimate can be defined as the climate close to surfaces, upon and beneath soils, under snow, or in water, on living things (such as trees), or even on individual animals. Individuals may disperse across broad areas

Abstract: We demonstrate that picosecond time-gated fluorescence microscopy can be used to monitor subtle changes in the kinetics and spatial distribution of perturbations to the molecular and cellular structure of plant tissue caused by ultraviolet radiation. Single-molecule experiments on Photosystem II and chloroplast preparations give picosecond fluorescence decay kinetics that are similar to those obtained previously on bulk samples. For green plant leaves, localized and well-defined cellular structure is seen for normal material whereas relatively diffuse and non-specific features are seen after UV-irradiation indicating significant UV-induced rupture of the cellular structure. The changes in the chlorophyll fluorescence decay kinetics indicate uncoupling of chlorophyll molecules in the light-harvesting system leading to inhibition of energy reorganization and transfer in the antennae and subsequent exciton transfer to the reaction centers. J. Sytsma, J. M. Vroom, C. J. de Grauw and H. C. Gerritsen, "Time-gated fluorescence lifetime imaging and microvolume spectroscopy using two-photon excitation," J.

of nutrients, regulation of microclimate and local hydrological processes, suppression of undesirable organisms and detoxification of noxious chemicals. In this paper the role of biodiversity in securing crop protection and soil fertility is explored in detail. It is argued that because biodiversity mediated

Large archives and digital sky surveys with dimensions of 10 12 bytes currently exist, while in the near future they will reach sizes of the order of 10 15. Numerical simulations are also producing comparable volumes of information. Data mining tools are needed for information extraction from such large datasets. In this work, we propose a multidimensional indexing method, based on a static R-tree data structure, to efficiently query and mine large astrophysical datasets. We follow a top-down construction method, called VAMSplit, which recursively splits the dataset on a near median element along the dimension with maximum variance. The obtained index partitions the dataset into nonoverlapping bounding boxes, with volumes proportional to the local data density. Finally, we show an application of this method for the detection of point sources from a gamma-ray photon list.

When agricultural land is no longer used for cultivation and allowed to revert to natural vegetation or replanted to perennial vegetation, soil organic carbon can accumulate by processes that essentially reverse some of the effects responsible for soil organic carbon losses from when the land

Soil is a complex and dynamic biological system, and still in 2003 it is difficult to determine the composition of microbial communities in soil. We are also limited in the determination of microbially mediated reactions because present assays for determining the overall rate of entire metabolic

and produce a myriad of responses. Introduction Rapamycin has had a story book trajectory: emerging in the 1970s from the soil of Easter Island [1], playing the starring role in the discovery of a fundamental biological pathway and rising to its current status as an important drug. The study of its mechanism

Abstract. Salts canbedeposited in the soil fromwindand rain, aswell as through theweatheringof rocks.These processes, combined with the influence of climatic and landscape features and the effects of human activities, determine where salt accumulates in the landscape.When the accumulated salt

processes across biomes