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Critical Topics in Global Warming: Supplementary Analysis of the Independent Summary for Policymakers (2009)
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BibTeX
@MISC{D'aleo09criticaltopics,
author = {Joseph D'aleo and Olavi Kärner and Richard C. Willson and Ian Clark},
title = {Critical Topics in Global Warming: Supplementary Analysis of the Independent Summary for Policymakers},
year = {2009}
}
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Abstract
The sun affects our climate in direct and indirect ways. The sun changes in its activity on timescales that vary from 11, 22, 80, and 180 years and more. A more active sun is brighter due to the dominance of faculae over cooler sunspots; in this way, the irradiance emitted by the sun and received by the Earth is higher during active solar periods than during quiet solar periods. The amount of change of the total solar irradiance (TSI) during the course of an 11-year cycle, based on satellite measurements since 1978, is about 0.1%. This was first discovered by Willson and Hudson (1991) from the results of the SMM/ACRIM1 experiment, and was later confirmed by Fröhlich and Lean (1998). This finding has caused many to conclude that the solar effect on climate is negligible; however, many questions still remain about the actual mechanisms involved and the sun’s variance on century and longer timescales. The irradiance reconstructions of Hoyt and Schatten (1997); Lean et
Keyphrases
global warming independent summary supplementary analysis critical topic sun change active sun actual mechanism solar effect active solar period total solar irradiance indirect way sun variance fr hlich cooler sunspot smm acrim1 experiment many question irradiance reconstruction quiet solar period satellite measurement 11-year cycle
