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Beyond the hedonic treadmill: Revising the adaptation theory of well-being (2006)
| Venue: | American Psychologist |
| Citations: | 131 - 6 self |
BibTeX
@ARTICLE{Lucas06beyondthe,
author = {Richard E. Lucas and Christie Napa Scollon},
title = {Beyond the hedonic treadmill: Revising the adaptation theory of well-being},
journal = {American Psychologist},
year = {2006},
pages = {305--314}
}
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Abstract
According to the hedonic treadmill model, good and bad events temporarily affect happiness, but people quickly adapt back to hedonic neutrality. The theory, which has gained widespread acceptance in recent years, implies that individual and societal efforts to increase happiness are doomed to failure. The recent empirical work outlined here indicates that 5 important revisions to the treadmill model are needed. First, individuals ’ set points are not hedonically neutral. Second, people have different set points, which are partly dependent on their temperaments. Third, a single person may have multiple happiness set points: Different components of well-being such as pleasant emotions, unpleasant emotions, and life satisfaction can move in different directions. Fourth, and perhaps most important, well-being set points can change under some conditions. Finally, individuals differ in their adaptation to events, with some individuals changing their set point and others not changing in reaction to some external event. These revisions offer hope for psychologists and policymakers who aim to decrease human misery and increase happiness.
Keyphrases
adaptation theory hedonic treadmill widespread acceptance single person well-being set point unpleasant emotion life satisfaction important revision different component set point multiple happiness hedonic neutrality human misery recent empirical work different direction external event hedonic treadmill model pleasant emotion societal effort bad event recent year treadmill model
