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A Two-Dimensional Digital Watermark (1995)
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BibTeX
@MISC{Schyndel95atwo-dimensional,
author = {Tirkel Van Schyndel},
title = {A Two-Dimensional Digital Watermark},
year = {1995}
}
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Abstract
This paper discusses the feasibility of coding a robust, undetectable, digital water mark on a standard 512*512 intensity image with an 8 bit gray scale. The watermark is capable of carrying such information as authentication or authorisation codes, or a legend essential for image interpretation. This capability is envisaged to find application in image tagging, copyright enforcement, counterfeit protection, and controlled access. The method chosen is based on linear addition of the water mark to the image data. Originally, the authors made use of one dimensional encoding using m-sequences [1],[2], a process which, whilst showing promise, had considerable shortcomings. This paper analyses constructions to extend this work to two dimensions and discusses compatibility of the technique with JPEG image transmission.
Keyphrases
two-dimensional digital watermark bit gray scale image interpretation water mark counterfeit protection method chosen digital water mark image tagging considerable shortcoming image data copyright enforcement linear addition legend essential intensity image jpeg image transmission authorisation code
