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1 An Experience in Testing the Security of Real-world Electronic Voting Systems
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@MISC{Balzarotti_1an,
author = {Davide Balzarotti and Greg Banks and Marco Cova and Viktoria Felmetsger and Richard Kemmerer and William Robertson and Fredrik Valeur and Giovanni Vigna},
title = {1 An Experience in Testing the Security of Real-world Electronic Voting Systems},
year = {}
}
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Abstract
Abstract—Voting is the process through which a democratic society determines its government. Therefore, voting systems are as important as other well-known critical systems, such as air traffic control systems or nuclear plant monitors. Unfortunately, voting systems have a history of failures that seems to indicate that their quality is not up to the task. Because of the alarming frequency and impact of the malfunctions of voting systems, in recent years a number of vulnerability analysis exercises have been carried out against voting systems to determine if they can be compromised in order to control the results of an election. We have participated in two such large-scale projects, sponsored by the Secretaries of State of California and Ohio, whose goals were to perform the security testing of the electronic voting systems used in their respective states. As the result of the testing process, we identified major vulnerabilities in all the systems analyzed. We then took advantage of a combination of these vulnerabilities to generate a series of attacks that would spread across the voting systems and would “steal ” votes by combining voting record tampering with social engineering approaches. As a response to the two large-scale security evaluations, the Secretaries of State of California and Ohio recommended changes to improve the security of the voting process. In this paper, we describe the methodology that we used in testing the two real-world electronic voting systems we evaluated, the findings of our analysis, our attacks, and the lessons we learned.
Keyphrases
real-world electronic voting system alarming frequency air traffic control system voting record security testing recent year vulnerability analysis exercise respective state voting process democratic society social engineering approach abstract voting major vulnerability large-scale project voting system nuclear plant monitor electronic voting system well-known critical system large-scale security evaluation
