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Tropical cooling at the last glacial maximum: An atmosphere-mixed layer ocean model simulation (2000)
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| Venue: | J. Clim |
| Citations: | 33 - 1 self |
BibTeX
@ARTICLE{Broccoli00tropicalcooling,
author = {Anthony J. Broccoli},
title = {Tropical cooling at the last glacial maximum: An atmosphere-mixed layer ocean model simulation},
journal = {J. Clim},
year = {2000},
pages = {951--976}
}
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Abstract
The sensitivity of tropical temperature to glacial forcing is examined by using an atmosphere–mixed layer ocean (A–MLO) model to simulate the climate of the last glacial maximum (LGM) following specifications established by the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project. Changes in continental ice, orbital parameters, atmospheric CO 2, and sea level constitute a global mean radiative forcing of �4.20 W m �2, with the vast majority of this forcing coming, in nearly equal portions, from the changes in continental ice and CO 2. In response to this forcing, the global mean surface air temperature decreases by 4.0 K, with the largest cooling in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere. In the Tropics, a more modest cooling of 2.0 K (averaged from 30�N to30�S) is simulated, but with considerable spatial variability resulting from the interhemispheric asymmetry in radiative forcing, contrast between oceanic and continental response, advective effects, and changes in soil moisture. Analysis of the tropical energy balance reveals that the decrease in top-of-atmosphere longwave emission associated with the tropical cooling is balanced primarily by the combination of increased reflection of shortwave radiation by clouds and increased atmospheric heat transport to the extratropics. Comparisons with a variety of paleodata indicate that the overall tropical cooling is comparable to paleoceanographic reconstructions based on alkenones and species abundances of planktonic microorganisms, but
Keyphrases
tropical cooling last glacial maximum atmosphere-mixed layer ocean model simulation continental ice tropical temperature atmospheric co equal portion planktonic microorganism modest cooling paleoclimate modeling intercomparison project specie abundance considerable spatial variability continental response extratropical northern hemisphere vast majority sea level constitute global mean radiative forcing interhemispheric asymmetry glacial forcing top-of-atmosphere longwave emission global mean surface air temperature atmospheric heat transport advective effect tropical energy balance reveals orbital parameter atmosphere mixed layer ocean overall tropical cooling radiative forcing soil moisture paleodata indicate shortwave radiation increased reflection
