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Profile-based dynamic voltage and frequency scaling for a multiple clock domain microprocessor (2003)
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| Venue: | In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Computer Architecture |
| Citations: | 72 - 9 self |
BibTeX
@INPROCEEDINGS{Magklis03profile-baseddynamic,
author = {Grigorios Magklis and Michael L. Scott and Greg Semeraro and David H. Albonesi and Steven Dropsho},
title = {Profile-based dynamic voltage and frequency scaling for a multiple clock domain microprocessor},
booktitle = {In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Computer Architecture},
year = {2003},
pages = {14--25}
}
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Abstract
A Multiple Clock Domain (MCD) processor addresses the challenges of clock distribution and power dissipation by dividing a chip into several (coarse-grained) clock domains, allowing frequency and voltage to be reduced in domains that are not currently on the application’s critical path. Given a reconfiguration mechanism capable of choosing appropriate times and values for voltage/frequency scaling, an MCD processor has the potential to achieve significant energy savings with low performance degradation. Early work on MCD processors evaluated the potential for energy savings by manually inserting reconfiguration instructions into applications, or by employing an oracle driven by off-line analysis of (identical) prior program runs. Subsequent work developed a hardware-based on-line mechanism that averages 75–85 % of the energy-delay improvement achieved via off-line analysis. In this paper we consider the automatic insertion of reconfiguration instructions into applications, using profiledriven binary rewriting. Profile-based reconfiguration introduces the need for “training runs ” prior to production use of a given application, but avoids the hardware complexity of on-line reconfiguration. It also has the potential to yield significantly greater energy savings. Experimental results (training on small data sets and then running on larger, alternative data sets) indicate that the profile-driven approach is more stable than hardware-based reconfiguration, and yields virtually all of the energy-delay improvement achieved via off-line analysis. 1.
Keyphrases
off-line analysis multiple clock domain microprocessor frequency scaling profile-based dynamic voltage reconfiguration instruction mcd processor energy saving energy-delay improvement profile-driven approach profiledriven binary rewriting clock distribution hardware-based reconfiguration significant energy saving appropriate time clock domain early work automatic insertion on-line reconfiguration experimental result subsequent work reconfiguration mechanism training run production use critical path small data set hardware complexity profile-based reconfiguration hardware-based on-line mechanism low performance degradation power dissipation multiple clock domain prior program run alternative data set voltage frequency scaling
