Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia

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Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia (1997)

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by Ingemar J. Cox , Joe Kilian , F. Thomson Leighton , Talal Shamoon

Venue:	IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING
Citations:	1099 - 10 self

BibTeX

@ARTICLE{Cox97securespread,
    author = {Ingemar J. Cox and Joe Kilian and F. Thomson Leighton and Talal Shamoon},
    title = {Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia},
    journal = {IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING},
    year = {1997},
    volume = {6},
    number = {12},
    pages = {1673--1687}
}

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Abstract

This paper presents a secure (tamper-resistant) algorithm for watermarking images, and a methodology for digital watermarking that may be generalized to audio, video, and multimedia data. We advocate that a watermark should be constructed as an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Gaussian random vector that is imperceptibly inserted in a spread-spectrum-like fashion into the perceptually most significant spectral components of the data. We argue that insertion of a watermark under this regime makes the watermark robust to signal processing operations (such as lossy compression, filtering, digital-analog and analog-digital conversion, requantization, etc.), and common geometric transformations (such as cropping, scaling, translation, and rotation) provided that the original image is available and that it can be succesfully registered against the transformed watermarked image. In these cases, the watermark detector unambiguously identifies the owner. Further, the use of Gaussian noise, ensures strong resilience to multiple-document, or collusional, attacks. Experimental results are provided to support these claims, along with an exposition of pending open problems.

Keyphrases

secure spread spectrum lossy compression watermark detector multimedia data signal processing operation open problem significant spectral component gaussian noise gaussian random vector transformed watermarked image watermark robust strong resilience digital watermarking original image spread-spectrum-like fashion experimental result common geometric transformation analog-digital conversion

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