Abstract

" [1] has been retracted. The data were found to be unreliable and need to be reanalyzed, and the results cannot support the conclusions. According to the new standards for diagnosing constitutions in Traditional Chinese Medicine, samples B16 and B21 cannot be included in the Yang deficiency constitution. B16 also belongs to the Qi stagnation constitution and B21 also belongs to the phlegm dampness constitution. The discussion stated that "Yang deficiency constitution often led to occurrence of immune diseases, such as enteritis due to immune problems, arthritis, lowered metabolism, and cancers," but the work did not test causation and studied gene expression differences that have been previously associated with those conditions rather than directly studying the conditions. The conclusion that the study "proves [the] existence of Yang deficiency constitution" cannot be supported because the study did not validate this. Objectives. Differences among healthy subjects and associated disease risks are of substantial interest in clinical medicine. According to the theory of "constitution-disease correlation" in traditional Chinese medicine, we try to find out if there is any connection between intolerance of cold in Yang deficiency constitution and molecular evidence and if there is any gene expression basis in specific disorders. Methods. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from Chinese Han individuals with Yang deficiency constitution ( = 20) and balanced constitution ( = 8) (aged 18-28) and global gene expression profiles were determined between them using the Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 array. Results. The results showed that when the fold change was ≥1.2 and q ≤ 0.05, 909 genes were upregulated in the Yang deficiency constitution, while 1189 genes were downregulated. According to our research differential genes found in Yang deficiency constitution were usually related to lower immunity, metabolic disorders, and cancer tendency. Conclusion. Gene expression disturbance exists in Yang deficiency constitution, which corresponds to the concept of constitution and gene classification. It also suggests people with Yang deficiency constitution are susceptible to autoimmune diseases, enteritis, arthritis, metabolism disorders, and cancer, which provides molecular evidence for the theory of "constitutiondisease correlation." References Introduction Priority is granted to preventive medication, which is the developmental tendency of modern medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that occurrence of disease depends on the quality of body constitution, which is formed in the life process based on the born gifts and acquired morphological structure. It has the integrated relatively stable peculiarity in physiological function and psychological states. The theory of constitution holds that constitution can be divided into several types. Epidemiological study in the Chinese Han population revealed nine types of constitutions: the balanced constitution and eight pathological constitutions (qi deficiency, Yang deficiency, Yin deficiency, Phlegm-dampness, damp-heat, stagnant blood, stagnant qi, and inherited special constitutions) [1]. There is correlation between disease and constitution. That is why it is most important to study different constitution's influences on related diseases. The Yang deficiency constitution is linked to a series of cold symptoms characterized by a cold body and limbs owing to an insufficiency of Yang qi, which fails to warm the body and leads to a Yang deficiencyinduced internal cold (cold-intolerant)