Abstract

Introductive Remark: to facilitate the understandings of the EU trade controls of dual-use items and technology, we have in the present document mixed together the two Council decisions which constitute the EU regime:- Council Regulation (EC) No 428/2009 (in black in the present text),- Council Joint Action 2000/401/CFSP (in red in the present text). It should be kept in mind that the legal value of both documents is rather different. The Joint Action is an intergovernmental cooperation instrument set up by the Treaty on European Union (EU Treaty). To enter into force, it has to be transposed by Member States into their national legislations. The Council Regulation is the EU legislation instituted by the Treaty on the functioning of the European Union (TFUE) and is therefore directly applicable. Important Remark: The Dual-Use Council Regulation (EC) No 428/2009 has been amended by