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...easingly hard to handle for both system developers and maintainers. In order to cope with this explosion of complexity, also commonly referred to as the Software Crisis [1], the concepts of Autonomic =-=[2]-=-, [3] and Organic [4]–[6] Computing have been devised. While Autonomic Computing is inspired by the autonomic nervous system (which controls key functions without conscious awareness), Organic Computi...

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...en job within the requested restraints. The service which can do the task for the lowest cost is awarded the job. Within the domain of multi-agent systems, an auctioning mechanism called Contract Net =-=[31]-=-, [32] is a wellresearched high-level protocol for distributed negotiation. We have evaluated this protocol and later extensions, and its application to our special case of allocating jobs to service ...

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... within the requested restraints. The service which can do the task for the lowest cost is awarded the job. Within the domain of multi-agent systems, an auctioning mechanism called Contract Net [31], =-=[32]-=- is a wellresearched high-level protocol for distributed negotiation. We have evaluated this protocol and later extensions, and its application to our special case of allocating jobs to service agents...

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...gly hard to handle for both system developers and maintainers. In order to cope with this explosion of complexity, also commonly referred to as the Software Crisis [1], the concepts of Autonomic [2], =-=[3]-=- and Organic [4]–[6] Computing have been devised. While Autonomic Computing is inspired by the autonomic nervous system (which controls key functions without conscious awareness), Organic Computing is...

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...flexible alternative to RPCs/RMIs is messageoriented communication. Message Passing allows for supporting both transient and persistent, and both synchronous and asynchronous communication primitives =-=[30]-=-. In effect, all communication happens via messages, i.e. data structures following a common format, that are exchanged between sender and receiver. Such messages can encapsulate jobs as well as other...

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... can be reallocated, thus improving the state of the system as a whole. Recontracting or delegating jobs can also be enforced by changing conditions, such as a node’s battery running low. As shown in =-=[33]-=-, Contract Net can reach a global optimum if auctioning between multiple agents as well as of several jobs at once is allowed. By 658 JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, VOL. 4, NO. 7, SEPTEMBER 2009 © 2009 ACADEMY ...

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... complex networks that are increasingly hard to handle for both system developers and maintainers. In order to cope with this explosion of complexity, also commonly referred to as the Software Crisis =-=[1]-=-, the concepts of Autonomic [2], [3] and Organic [4]–[6] Computing have been devised. While Autonomic Computing is inspired by the autonomic nervous system (which controls key functions without consci...

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..., and Section X gives some details about specific issues in our current implementation. II. RELATED WORK There is a plethora of different middleware systems today, such as CORBA [10], DCOM [11], .NET =-=[12]-=- or Java RMI [13]. While there are real-time extensions for some of them, none of them features organic aspects. On the other hand, in recent years much research has been done in the area of organic [...

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...o not consider real-time aspects, and their architectures are not suitable for supporting real-time applications. This is also true for the agent-based, organic middlewares that are described in [19]–=-=[21]-=-. The service-oriented real-time middleware OSA+ [22] has a low footprint and is very scalable, thus it is particularly suitable for embedded distributed real-time systems. However, it does not featur...

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...ks are dispatched globally. Other approaches use central planning or do not consider dependencies at all. We are currently implementing and evaluating these mechanisms within the CAR-SoC project [9], =-=[24]-=-. The CAR-SoC project as a whole is, to our knowledge, the only project that focuses on providing a complete organic, real-time stack, including the hardware itself (the CarCore processor [25]), a rea...

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...l organism consisting of a large number of rather simple, reconfigurable processor cells, which coordinate through an artificial hormone system. AMUN [17], subsequently enhanced as the OCµ middleware =-=[18]-=-, is an interesting approach to an ubiquitous organic middleware, which features the main concepts of self-organization, self-healing and self-optimization. It uses an observer-controller architecture...

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...ad for thread-switching is rather small, because the time needed for context switches is used for processing other thread slots in the meantime. CarCore supports Guaranteed Percentage (GP) scheduling =-=[28]-=-, which assigns a specific percentage of the available processor time to each of the hardware threads. This allows for the strict isolation of real-time threads. CarCore is binary compatible with Infi...

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...hes do not consider real-time aspects, and their architectures are not suitable for supporting real-time applications. This is also true for the agent-based, organic middlewares that are described in =-=[19]-=-–[21]. The service-oriented real-time middleware OSA+ [22] has a low footprint and is very scalable, thus it is particularly suitable for embedded distributed real-time systems. However, it does not f...

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...verview. The DoDOrg project [16] develops a digital organism consisting of a large number of rather simple, reconfigurable processor cells, which coordinate through an artificial hormone system. AMUN =-=[17]-=-, subsequently enhanced as the OCµ middleware [18], is an interesting approach to an ubiquitous organic middleware, which features the main concepts of self-organization, self-healing and self-optimiz...

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...ures are not suitable for supporting real-time applications. This is also true for the agent-based, organic middlewares that are described in [19]–[21]. The service-oriented real-time middleware OSA+ =-=[22]-=- has a low footprint and is very scalable, thus it is particularly suitable for embedded distributed real-time systems. However, it does not feature self-X properties. The general architecture for an ...

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...or both system developers and maintainers. In order to cope with this explosion of complexity, also commonly referred to as the Software Crisis [1], the concepts of Autonomic [2], [3] and Organic [4]–=-=[6]-=- Computing have been devised. While Autonomic Computing is inspired by the autonomic nervous system (which controls key functions without conscious awareness), Organic Computing is inspired by informa...

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...ts that are imposed by the applications. In [7], we have proposed a service-oriented organic real-time middleware architecture that achieves self-X properties through a multi-agent-based approach; in =-=[8]-=-, we have described a method to guide this mechanism in order to describe and define dependencies between services, resources and tasks. We are now implementing the suggested mechanisms within the CAR...

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...cribed a method to guide this mechanism in order to describe and define dependencies between services, resources and tasks. We are now implementing the suggested mechanisms within the CAR-SoC project =-=[9]-=-, and explore the interactions between global (internode) and local (per-node) organic management. In this article, we present our approaches as applied to the concrete middleware CARISMA1 we are deve...

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...ives some details about specific issues in our current implementation. II. RELATED WORK There is a plethora of different middleware systems today, such as CORBA [10], DCOM [11], .NET [12] or Java RMI =-=[13]-=-. While there are real-time extensions for some of them, none of them features organic aspects. On the other hand, in recent years much research has been done in the area of organic [6] and autonomic ...

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...eatures organic aspects. On the other hand, in recent years much research has been done in the area of organic [6] and autonomic [2], [3], [14] computing; see [15] for an overview. The DoDOrg project =-=[16]-=- develops a digital organism consisting of a large number of rather simple, reconfigurable processor cells, which coordinate through an artificial hormone system. AMUN [17], subsequently enhanced as t...

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... the only project that focuses on providing a complete organic, real-time stack, including the hardware itself (the CarCore processor [25]), a real-time organic per-node operating system (CAROS [26], =-=[27]-=-) and our middleware to manage a distributed system of such nodes. III. THE CAR-SOC ARCHITECTURE – AN OVERVIEW The CAR-SoC2 project pursues the exploration of how to apply principles of organic and au...

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...systems is real-time capability. A real-time system must produce results and react to events in a timely, predictable manner, guaranteeing temporal restraints that are imposed by the applications. In =-=[7]-=-, we have proposed a service-oriented organic real-time middleware architecture that achieves self-X properties through a multi-agent-based approach; in [8], we have described a method to guide this m...

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...ere are real-time extensions for some of them, none of them features organic aspects. On the other hand, in recent years much research has been done in the area of organic [6] and autonomic [2], [3], =-=[14]-=- computing; see [15] for an overview. The DoDOrg project [16] develops a digital organism consisting of a large number of rather simple, reconfigurable processor cells, which coordinate through an art...

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...distributed real-time systems. However, it does not feature self-X properties. The general architecture for an organic, service-oriented middleware inspired by the OSA+ approach has been developed in =-=[23]-=-. For this architecture, we described an agent-based approach for implementing self-X properties in [7], which uses concepts from multi-agent systems for coordination and task allocation. We added a g...

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...ct [9], [24]. The CAR-SoC project as a whole is, to our knowledge, the only project that focuses on providing a complete organic, real-time stack, including the hardware itself (the CarCore processor =-=[25]-=-), a real-time organic per-node operating system (CAROS [26], [27]) and our middleware to manage a distributed system of such nodes. III. THE CAR-SOC ARCHITECTURE – AN OVERVIEW The CAR-SoC2 project pu...

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...ledge, the only project that focuses on providing a complete organic, real-time stack, including the hardware itself (the CarCore processor [25]), a real-time organic per-node operating system (CAROS =-=[26]-=-, [27]) and our middleware to manage a distributed system of such nodes. III. THE CAR-SOC ARCHITECTURE – AN OVERVIEW The CAR-SoC2 project pursues the exploration of how to apply principles of organic ...

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... to be efficient, scalable and real-time capable, and its architecture is suited for a setting which we also target CARISMA to. Some work towards implementing organic management in OSA+ has been done =-=[29]-=-, but the framework turned out to be not flexible enough for our needs. One of the major design flaws in the earlier approach is the need for a global organic manager with a global world view, which c...