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...incremental approach to find correlations of a query for multiple pre-defined time windows [2]. Datar and Muthukrishnan identified rarity and similarity between data streams using a fixed window size =-=[4]-=-. However, these approaches focus on finding correlations using a fixed size sliding window and some correlation measure. Using a fixed window size may assume that the domain specialist knows the dura...

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... between data streams and a single siding window to summarize a single data stream [13]. Balut introduced an incremental approach to find correlations of a query for multiple pre-defined time windows =-=[2]-=-. Datar and Muthukrishnan identified rarity and similarity between data streams using a fixed window size [4]. However, these approaches focus on finding correlations using a fixed size sliding window...

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... relationships. To some extent, basic outlier detection techniques (e.g. t-test [5]) detecting transient FAs may discover transient and some persistent FAs (with a 100% mismatched timeinterval) (e.g. =-=[8, 14]-=-). However, these methods are not designed to detect persistent flow anomalies with less than 100% mismatched time-instants and may miss many persistent flow anomalies. Contributions. In this paper, w...

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... relationships. To some extent, basic outlier detection techniques (e.g. t-test [5]) detecting transient FAs may discover transient and some persistent FAs (with a 100% mismatched timeinterval) (e.g. =-=[8, 14]-=-). However, these methods are not designed to detect persistent flow anomalies with less than 100% mismatched time-instants and may miss many persistent flow anomalies. Contributions. In this paper, w...

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...similarity or dissimilarly between two strings. Amir et al. proposed an inverse string matching technique that finds a pattern between two strings that maximizes or minimizes the number of mismatches =-=[1]-=-. Lee et al. proposed a similar method to inverse pattern matching that included wild cards [9]. However, there are several main differences with string matching and the discovery of FA patterns. Firs...

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.... found local correlations between multiple data streams using a sliding window [3]. Sayal found global relationships between data streams and a single siding window to summarize a single data stream =-=[13]-=-. Balut introduced an incremental approach to find correlations of a query for multiple pre-defined time windows [2]. Datar and Muthukrishnan identified rarity and similarity between data streams usin...

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...tigations (e.g. [12]). Currently, hydrologists and environmental engineers are placing advanced sensors in water bodies around the United States to understand the behavior of river networks and lakes =-=[11]-=-. Figure 1a shows a satellite image of Shingle Creek, MN where there are five sensors monitoring various water quality parameters [6] (e.g., turbidity, dissolved oxygen, specific conductivity, nitrate...

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...ted States to understand the behavior of river networks and lakes [11]. Figure 1a shows a satellite image of Shingle Creek, MN where there are five sensors monitoring various water quality parameters =-=[6]-=- (e.g., turbidity, dissolved oxygen, specific conductivity, nitrate levels, etc.). Two sensors (water flow from 5 to 1) are placed in the creek and three others are placed in neighboring ponds. Figure...

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... technique that finds a pattern between two strings that maximizes or minimizes the number of mismatches [1]. Lee et al. proposed a similar method to inverse pattern matching that included wild cards =-=[9]-=-. However, there are several main differences with string matching and the discovery of FA patterns. First, several string matching techniques use an exact matching technique between multiple strings,...

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...es from the popular press report that many dangerous contaminants are entering our water from unknown sources and at unknown times, resulting in expensive and experimental manual investigations (e.g. =-=[12]-=-). Currently, hydrologists and environmental engineers are placing advanced sensors in water bodies around the United States to understand the behavior of river networks and lakes [11]. Figure 1a show...

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... flow anomalyStation 5 Station 4 HWY 100 Retention Ponds Station 2 Station 3 Shingle Creek Station 1 Golf Course (a) Shingle Creek, MN (Source: Maps) Google (b) Oil Spill in San Francisco (Courtesy: =-=[7]-=-) Figure 1. Study Site and Motivational Example (Best Viewed in Color) may consist of several transient flow anomalies with a few time-instants without flow-anomalies. A persistent flow anomaly is dom...

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... potential flood conditions, chemical spills, and/or pollutants entering river networks. Maintaining sufficient water of high quality for the world population is one of our greatest global challenges =-=[15]-=-. Several recent articles from the popular press report that many dangerous contaminants are entering our water from unknown sources and at unknown times, resulting in expensive and experimental manua...

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...mount of nitrate in the water at a given time. It is known that the large consumption of nitrate by infants or pregnant women may cause methemoglobenemia, or Blue Baby syndrome, which can cause death =-=[10]-=-. A robust method for identifying such a contamination event and pin-pointing the time intervals at which it occurred while minimizing false alarms could vastly improve not only warning systems but th...