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...the number of messages received by a domain root router in HAWAII. 8. Quality of Service support Methods for providing QoS support for wired hosts include per-flow reservation approaches such as RSVP =-=[13]-=-. Rather than designing new QoS mechanisms for mobile hosts, we contend that HAWAII’s localized mobility management enables an efficient adaptation of the wireline QoS mechanisms to wireless access ne...

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...side their home networks. When Mobile-IP is used for micro-mobility support, it results in disruption to user traffic during handoff, and high control overhead due to frequent notifications to the HA =-=[1]-=-. Recently, Mobile-IP Route Optimization (RO) with support for micro-mobility was proposed [5]. In this proposal, packets are forwarded from the old FA to the new FA to reduce disruption during handof...

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...QoS support, requiring the establishment of new QoS mappings end-to-end even though mobility is typically localized. Another common approach for reducing disruption is through the use of multicasting =-=[9]-=-. However, join latency and group management issues in multicasting-based solutions could result in loss of efficiency due to wasted bandwidth. These considerations also impact scalability in the back...

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...nd that the HAWAII schemes deliver sizeable improvements over the basic Mobile-IP scheme of around 15% and a small improvement over the RO scheme, which varies between 0-6% in aggregate TCP bandwidth =-=[8]-=-. In the case of audio experiments, the correspondent host transmits 160 byte UDP packets every 20ms (64Kb/s audio) to the mobile host. On every handoff of the mobile host, we collect statistics on th...

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...cromobility, thus providing a comprehensive solution for mobility support in wide-area wireless networks. 1. Introduction Mobile-IP is the current standard for supporting macromobility in IP networks =-=[4]-=-. Mobile-IP defines two entities to provide mobility support: a home agent (HA) and a foreign agent (FA). The HA is statically assigned to the mobile host based on the permanent home IP address of the...

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...gle base station. 6. Disruption In this section, we use simulation to compare the disruption performance of the four HAWAII and two Mobile-IP schemes. These were simulated using the HARVARD simulator =-=[12]-=-. The transfer of a packet in the simulated network is achieved through execution of real TCP/UDP/IP code in the kernel, resulting in high-fidelity simulation results. While one would expect the HAWAI...

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...imiting the disruption to user traffic during handoff. One common approach for reducing disruption, proposed originally for ATM-based networks, is extending connections from the previous base station =-=[2, 6]-=-. The extension approach also forms the basis of the Mobile-IP RO proposal [5]. However, in the case of mobility solutions proposed for connectionoriented ATM networks [6], the goals of scalability an...

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...ity amidst link and router failures. The robustness of HAWAII is also increased because single points of failure such as home agents are eliminated while a host is in its home domain. Please refer to =-=[7]-=- for a more detailed description of the protocol. 5. HAWAII Path Setup Schemes The HAWAII handoff procedures are only activated when the mobile host’s next hop IP node is changed during the handoff. T...

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...robably unchanged, as handoff is a local phenomenon. This results in increased reservation restoration latency and unnecessary control traffic. While solutions such as flow extension via RSVP tunnels =-=[10]-=- may limit the reservation restoration latency, they still have a high overhead because of reservations along multiple paths. In the case of HAWAII, support for QoS is simplified since a mobile host’s...