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...generate in-depth data on each advertising agency’s endeavours tosattain its quantitative empowerment targets. Using a semi-structured interview issadvantageous when the topic is sensitive in nature (=-=Welman et al. 2005-=-: 167), as asmajority of South African companies are protective about transformation progresssand the corresponding data. Each advertising agency was also asked for a copy ofsits BEE contribution (rat...

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...a priori coding to establish the themes, since the same questionsswere asked in the semi-structured interviews. This process of establishing thesthemes beforehand is also known as deductive analysis (=-=Marshall & Rossman 2006-=-:s159). Each theme was explored in terms of recurring patterns and associated textsto identify different views and elements that emerged and reveal a number ofscategories (Ritchie & Lewis 2003: 237–23...

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...lationsThe categorisation of the data into themes and categories is essentially a descriptivessummary of what participants have said and done, but nevertheless signifies someslevel of interpretation (=-=Merriman 1998-=-: 187). The explanations were derived in asnumber of ways: some were given by the participants; others emerged from thesnumber of times a phenomenon occurred across the cases or came from comparisonss...

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...icsprosperity, companies are generally more prepared and able to increase employmentsequity and inject money into socio-economic and enterprise development andsother community developmental projects (=-=Athukorala & Menon 1999-=-: 1122–1123).sHowever, over the last year, there has been a noticeable decline in economic activity,sgiven the current global financial crisis, which does not bode well for acceleratedsattainment of a...

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...sThis has created a problem, since there is a shortage of suitably qualified blacksPDIs in the advertising industry, especially at senior levels – the same problem issinherent in the mining industry (=-=Fauconnier & Mathur-Helm 2008-=-: 1–14). Theslack of management skills has hindered BEE companies from obtaining externalsfunding and/or lucrative international contracts (Ackermann & Meyer 2007: 23–44;sHorn 2007: 490–503) and Don M...

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...sis (Marshall & Rossman 2006:s159). Each theme was explored in terms of recurring patterns and associated textsto identify different views and elements that emerged and reveal a number ofscategories (=-=Ritchie & Lewis 2003-=-: 237–239). A total of 22 categories, some with upsto eight subcategories, emerged from the questions. The categories were examinedsBlack economic empowerment progress in the advertising industry in C...

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...herent in the mining industry (Fauconnier & Mathur-Helm 2008: 1–14). Theslack of management skills has hindered BEE companies from obtaining externalsfunding and/or lucrative international contracts (=-=Ackermann & Meyer 2007-=-: 23–44;sHorn 2007: 490–503) and Don Mkhwanazi, president of the Black ManagementsForum, has suggested that South Africa’s critical skills shortage is due to thesfailure of the education and training ...

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... black African adultspopulation and 40% (R250 billion) of South Africa’s consumer spending powersin 2008 (Naidoo 2007; UCT Unilever Institute of Strategic Marketing & TNSsResearch Surveys Black 2008; =-=Buhr 2009-=-; TGI 2009). However, this is also aschallenge, since the vast majority of the black population (over 80%) still live inspoverty, in comparison with the Black Diamonds. •sBEE facilitates the utilisati...

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...plementation and investment risk (Jack 2006: 19–23; Turok 2006: 59–64;sIDC & ABC 2008: 139 & 141). However, some view BEE as an operating coststhat ultimately provides long-term benefits (BusinessMap =-=Foundation 2004-=-).s•sDetrimental to foreign investment: The aforementioned costs of BEE couldsdiscourage international companies from investing in South African businessessowing to the decrease of return on investmen...

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...sing industry since the first parliamentary hearings,sas well as several debates about racism. The pace of the transformation process insthe advertising industry over the last ten years of democracy (=-=Clayton 2004-=-) hassreceived much condemnation. The main reason why it was imperative to transformsthe advertising industry was because the mere 5 000 people employed in thisssector have a huge influence on trends ...

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...ations across industries, sizesand type were selected. Almost 8% of the responses were from the transportation,sstorage and communications (TSC) sector (which includes advertising agencies)s(Consulta =-=Research 2007-=-). The results of this survey concluded that organisationsshave begun the process by implementing the BBBEE elements that provided thesmost direct benefits (ownership and skills development), whereas ...

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...05). Thesdedication of the Association for Communication and Advertising (ACA) resulted insthe Marketing, Advertising and Communication (MAC) Transformatikon Chartersbeing gazetted on 29 August 2008 (=-=Jones 2008-=-). This summary of transformationalsmilestones shows that transformation has taken place, but now that vital legislationsis in place, it is time to establish BEE’s real success.sTransformation in Sout...

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...g a BEEspartner was no longer sufficient to satisfy the stipulations of BEE, since meaningfulsparticipation was required in every aspect and all areas of organisation via the sevenselements of BBBEE (=-=Lalu & Webb 2007-=-).sThe BBBEE Codes of Good Practice (Section 9[1]: Code 000 [statement 000])sprovides a comprehensive outline of seven core elements of BBBEE in terms of thesgeneric scorecard, namely ownership, manag...

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...irectorships showed only asmarginal increase from 14.3% in 2007 to 14.6% in 2008, and women executivesmanagers decreased from 25.3% to 18.6% over the same period (Stewart 2008a:s2; I-Net Bridge 2009; =-=Morna & Made 2009-=-). Several BEE advocates stated thatsblack women have started to make a more significant contribution to the corporatesenvironment in South Africa (Fauconnier & Mathur-Helm 2008: 1–14; Stewarts2008a: ...

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...d by 43% since they were studied ins2006 and account for 3.7 million of the total 23.6 million black African adultspopulation and 40% (R250 billion) of South Africa’s consumer spending powersin 2008 (=-=Naidoo 2007-=-; UCT Unilever Institute of Strategic Marketing & TNSsResearch Surveys Black 2008; Buhr 2009; TGI 2009). However, this is also aschallenge, since the vast majority of the black population (over 80%) s...