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...ted to the presence of the pupillary membrane (lamina irido-pupillaris) interfering with contraction of the iris. This mesodermal relic begins to disappear about 26-30 weeks' gestation (Keeney, 1951; =-=Kronfeld, 1962-=-). Likewise the absence of the cremasteric reflexes before 32 weeks' gestation may simply be due to poor scrotal development and incomplete testicular descent. This would explain why the presence or a...

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...d. It is generally believed that they are mediated by the brain-stem or spinal cord and do not involve the cerebral cortex, which is usually held to be nonfunctional in the term newborn baby (but see =-=Robinson, 1966-=-). The response of head-tuming towards diffuse light, however, may be mediated by the occipital cortex (Goldie and Hopkins, 1964). If this is true, the present results suggest that the cortex is funct...

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...016 - Published by http://adc.bmj.com/Downloaded fromsDefinitions. The lines for mean birthweight and standard deviations shown in Fig. 1 were derived from the data of the Perinatal Mortality Survey (=-=Butler and Bonham, 1963-=-) by the late Dr. Michael Dawkins. He pointed out that the standard deviations were excessively high at the low gestational ages, because there were very few babies and some had obviously incorrect ge...

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...e of true prematures. They rarely die from respiratory distress syndrome or intraventricular haemorrhage, but are particularly susceptible to symptomatic hypoglycaemia and intrapulmonary haemorrhage (=-=Gruenwald, 1963-=-; Dawkins, 1965). It is, therefore, a matter of practical importance to know whether a particular baby of low birthweight is truly premature or small-for-dates, a distinction that depends on accurate ...

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...ariation is such that it does not by itself give a sufficiently accurate estimate of gestational age. Epiphysial development is a poor index of maturity since it is retarded in smallfor-dates babies (=-=Scott and Usher, 1964-=-; Wigglesworth, 1966). It has been suggested that the best criteria of maturity are based on neurological development (Gesell and Amatruda, 1945) which is unaffected by intrauterine growth retardation...

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...res. They rarely die from respiratory distress syndrome or intraventricular haemorrhage, but are particularly susceptible to symptomatic hypoglycaemia and intrapulmonary haemorrhage (Gruenwald, 1963; =-=Dawkins, 1965-=-). It is, therefore, a matter of practical importance to know whether a particular baby of low birthweight is truly premature or small-for-dates, a distinction that depends on accurate knowledge of th...

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... of maturity since it is retarded in smallfor-dates babies (Scott and Usher, 1964; Wigglesworth, 1966). It has been suggested that the best criteria of maturity are based on neurological development (=-=Gesell and Amatruda, 1945-=-) which is unaffected by intrauterine growth retardation (Bergstr6m, Gunther, Olow, and Soderling, 1955; Saint-Anne Dargassies, 1955; Illingworth and Holt, 1963). However, the methods so far proposed ...

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...rtex, which is usually held to be nonfunctional in the term newborn baby (but see Robinson, 1966). The response of head-tuming towards diffuse light, however, may be mediated by the occipital cortex (=-=Goldie and Hopkins, 1964-=-). If this is true, the present results suggest that the cortex is functioning in this respect at 32 weeks' gestation in some babies. 445 group.bmj.com on September 13, 2016 - Published by http://adc....

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...grasp reflex and withdrawal on stimulation of the sole of the foot are present from 12 weeks. The abdominal reflexes are present from 14-20 weeks, and the Moro response has been reported at 25 weeks (=-=Hooker, 1952-=-). These correspond well with the group of responses which in the present study were constantly present even at 25 weeks' gestation. The blink response to light was also found constantly present from ...

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...y are based on neurological development (Gesell and Amatruda, 1945) which is unaffected by intrauterine growth retardation (Bergstr6m, Gunther, Olow, and Soderling, 1955; Saint-Anne Dargassies, 1955; =-=Illingworth and Holt, 1963-=-). However, the methods so far proposed for 'dating' babies by neurological examination have been insufficiently precise, or required too much experiReceived February 10, 1966. ence in assessment of m...

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...ht may be related to the presence of the pupillary membrane (lamina irido-pupillaris) interfering with contraction of the iris. This mesodermal relic begins to disappear about 26-30 weeks' gestation (=-=Keeney, 1951-=-; Kronfeld, 1962). Likewise the absence of the cremasteric reflexes before 32 weeks' gestation may simply be due to poor scrotal development and incomplete testicular descent. This would explain why t...

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...elerated nor retarded by extrauterine influences (other than obviously injurious ones). This does not necessarily apply to other aspects of neurological maturation which were not tested (Robinson and =-=Tizard, 1966-=-). It would be surprising if visual development in premature infants were not influenced by degrees and variations of illumination which the foetus in utero cannot experience. However, the visual resp...

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...t does not by itself give a sufficiently accurate estimate of gestational age. Epiphysial development is a poor index of maturity since it is retarded in smallfor-dates babies (Scott and Usher, 1964; =-=Wigglesworth, 1966-=-). It has been suggested that the best criteria of maturity are based on neurological development (Gesell and Amatruda, 1945) which is unaffected by intrauterine growth retardation (Bergstr6m, Gunther...