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...richness. For plant richness treatments of up to 16 species, plant species were drawn from a pool of 16 core native prairie plant species. Additional plant species were included for 32-species plots (=-=Tilman et al., 1997-=-). While other colonizing plant species are removed from each plot annually, the relative abundances of the planted species are allowed to fluctuate and so the experimental manipulation controls plant...

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...e (CCESR; part of the National Science Foundation Long-Term Ecological Research network) in July of 2009, from experimental plots that have been maintained in a long-term plant richness manipulation (=-=Tilman et al., 2001-=-). These experimental plots were established in 1994 with defined levels of plant richness. For plant richness treatments of up to 16 species, plant species were drawn from a pool of 16 core native pr...

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...l., 2008). Feedbacks may be positive, enhancing subsequent performance, or negative, reducing subsequent performance (Kulmatiski et al., 2008). Plantesoil feedbacks by dominant species (Janzen, 1970; =-=Connell, 1971-=- 2010). On the other hand, positive feedbacks may maintaining dominant species and in facilitating species (Inderjit and Van der Putten, 2010). Pla also have important implications for agricultur the ...

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...having disproportionate impact on ecosystems properties and functioning. Other studies have emphasized that diversity enhances temporal stability through cummulative slight variations in functioning (=-=Tilman and Downing, 1994-=-). Our work suggests that plant diversity may carry additional important implications for ecosystem functions through modification of the traits and interactions of individual species. While such inte...

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...ed 12 June 2013 Available online 27 June 2013 Keywords: Plant soil feedbacks Streptomyces a b s t r a c t have been studied extensively because of their potential impacts on plant community dynamics (=-=Klironomos, 2002-=-; Eppinga et al., 2006; Petermann et al., 2008). For instance, negative feedbacks have been suggested to play a significant role in maintaining plant diversity across the landscape by preventing compe...

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...http://www.cedarcreek.umn.edu/research/data/). The significance of correlation coefficients was adjusted with the False Discovery Rate method for multiple test correction, using the LTM package in R (=-=Rizopoulos, 2006-=-). 3. Results 3.1. Plant impacts on Streptomyces antagonistic potential Streptomyces densities and antagonistic activities varied among communities. Across all experimental treatments, culturable Stre...

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... a primary rationale for crop rotation (Hwang et al., 2009). At the same time, however, long-term monoculture has also been associated with the development of diseasesuppressive soils (Menzies, 1959; =-=Weller et al., 2002-=-), in which little disease develops even when conditions are conducive for disease development. Such disease suppression often results from competition- or antibiotic-mediated antagonism of pathogens ...

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...006; Petermann et al., 2008). For instance, negative feedbacks have been suggested to play a significant role in maintaining plant diversity across the landscape by preventing competitive exclusion ; =-=Bever et al., 1997-=-, play a role both in invasion by exotic ntesoil feedbacks al systems, where in a short rotation r understanding of r promote positive feedbacks may suggest methods of managing agroecosystems to limit...

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...y to ecosystem properties and functions. Previous work has considered multiple hypotheses for the importance of diversity to plant community functioning. For instance, the sampling effect hypothesis (=-=Wardle et al., 1999-=-) suggests that diversity may be important primarily for increasing the likelihood of the presence of particular plant species having disproportionate impact on ecosystems properties and functioning. ...

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...disease develops even when conditions are conducive for disease development. Such disease suppression often results from competition- or antibiotic-mediated antagonism of pathogens by other microbes (=-=Haas and Keel, 2003-=-; Anukool et al., 2004; Kinkel et al., 2011). This suggests that plantesoil feedbacks may incorporate more complex microbial interactions, including antagonism of plant pathogens. Among soil bacteria,...

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...ties. Plant community diversity is also relevant from the perspective of plant disease. Because disease pressure is likely to be strongest in low diversity plant communities (Garrett and Mundt, 1999; =-=Keesing et al., 2006-=-), the benefits for investing in pathogen-antagonistic microbial partners may be greatest in low-diversity plant communities. Finally, the identity and diversity of resource inputs to saprophytic micr...

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... of other plants, belonging to either the same or different species (Callaway et al., 2008). Feedbacks may be positive, enhancing subsequent performance, or negative, reducing subsequent performance (=-=Kulmatiski et al., 2008-=-). Plantesoil feedbacks by dominant species (Janzen, 1970; Connell, 1971 2010). On the other hand, positive feedbacks may maintaining dominant species and in facilitating species (Inderjit and Van der...

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...tion Plantesoil feedbacks occur when changes to the soil environment imposed by a particular plant alter the subsequent performance of other plants, belonging to either the same or different species (=-=Callaway et al., 2008-=-). Feedbacks may be positive, enhancing subsequent performance, or negative, reducing subsequent performance (Kulmatiski et al., 2008). Plantesoil feedbacks by dominant species (Janzen, 1970; Connell,...

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...ng-term goal for agricultural management is the ability to use cultivar selection, green manures and crop rotations to manage microbial communities in ways that promote plant health and productivity (=-=Mazzola, 2004-=-; Bakker et al., 2012). An ideal situation would be agricultural management that creates positive plantesoil feedbacks. For such application, it is important to elucidate the mechanistic basis for pla...

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...dbacks can be mediated through soil microbial communities (Olff et al., 2000; McCarthy-Neumann and Kobe, 2010a), although mechanisms involving soil chemistry or nutrient levels can also be important (=-=Ehrenfeld et al., 2005-=-; Casper et al., 2008; McCarthy-Neumann and Kobe, 2010b). Pathogens and beneficial symbionts such as mycorrhizal fungi have been the primary foci for studies of microbially-mediated plantesoil feedbac...

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... 2013 Keywords: Plant soil feedbacks Streptomyces a b s t r a c t have been studied extensively because of their potential impacts on plant community dynamics (Klironomos, 2002; Eppinga et al., 2006; =-=Petermann et al., 2008-=-). For instance, negative feedbacks have been suggested to play a significant role in maintaining plant diversity across the landscape by preventing competitive exclusion ; Bever et al., 1997, play a ...

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...rmones (Tuomi et al., 1994; Joshi and Loria, 2007), to prime the plant innate immune response system (Conn et al., 2008), and to modify interactions between plants and other symbiotic microorganisms (=-=Tokala et al., 2002-=-; Lehr et al., 2007; Schrey et al., 2007). This work investigated relationships between plant growth performance and Streptomyces community antagonistic potential. We found that both plant species ide...

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...r diversity plant communities. Plant community diversity is also relevant from the perspective of plant disease. Because disease pressure is likely to be strongest in low diversity plant communities (=-=Garrett and Mundt, 1999-=-; Keesing et al., 2006), the benefits for investing in pathogen-antagonistic microbial partners may be greatest in low-diversity plant communities. Finally, the identity and diversity of resource inpu...

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...microbial interactions, including antagonism of plant pathogens. Among soil bacteria, the Streptomyces possess particularly strong and diverse antagonistic activities against diverse plant pathogens (=-=Doumbou et al., 2001-=-; Wiggins and Kinkel, 2005a, 2005b). Because most resources available to saprophytic Streptomyces are ultimately of plant origin, there is a strong potential for plant identity and community character...

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...r agricultural management is the ability to use cultivar selection, green manures and crop rotations to manage microbial communities in ways that promote plant health and productivity (Mazzola, 2004; =-=Bakker et al., 2012-=-). An ideal situation would be agricultural management that creates positive plantesoil feedbacks. For such application, it is important to elucidate the mechanistic basis for plant-driven effects on ...

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...en shown to promote plant growth (Nassar et al., 2003; Verma et al., 2011), to synthesize plant hormones (Tuomi et al., 1994; Joshi and Loria, 2007), to prime the plant innate immune response system (=-=Conn et al., 2008-=-), and to modify interactions between plants and other symbiotic microorganisms (Tokala et al., 2002; Lehr et al., 2007; Schrey et al., 2007). This work investigated relationships between plant growth...

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... of SCA and spread with one of three indicator strains: one plant pathogen (Streptomyces scabies DL87) and two nonpathogenic Streptomyces isolates (Streptomyces sp. 4-21 and Streptomyces sp. 1324-2) (=-=Davelos et al., 2004-=-). Plates were spread with 150 mL of a spore suspension to give approximately 1.5 107 colony-forming units (CFU)/plate. We used multiple, previously characterized indicator strains to provide a assu...

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...e feedbacks may suggest methods of managing agroecosystems to limit plant disease and improve plant health. Plantesoil feedbacks can be mediated through soil microbial communities (Olff et al., 2000; =-=McCarthy-Neumann and Kobe, 2010a-=-), although mechanisms involving soil chemistry or nutrient levels can also be important (Ehrenfeld et al., 2005; Casper et al., 2008; McCarthy-Neumann and Kobe, 2010b). Pathogens and beneficial symbi...

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...onducive for disease development. Such disease suppression often results from competition- or antibiotic-mediated antagonism of pathogens by other microbes (Haas and Keel, 2003; Anukool et al., 2004; =-=Kinkel et al., 2011-=-). This suggests that plantesoil feedbacks may incorporate more complex microbial interactions, including antagonism of plant pathogens. Among soil bacteria, the Streptomyces possess particularly stro...

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...iculture and is a primary rationale for crop rotation (Hwang et al., 2009). At the same time, however, long-term monoculture has also been associated with the development of diseasesuppressive soils (=-=Menzies, 1959-=-; Weller et al., 2002), in which little disease develops even when conditions are conducive for disease development. Such disease suppression often results from competition- or antibiotic-mediated ant...

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...ent work has demonstrated that host plant species enrich different Streptomyces taxa and that host-specific impacts on Streptomyces community structure can be modulated by surrounding plant richness (=-=Bakker et al., 2013-=-). However, we do not have a predictive understanding of how changes in Streptomyces community structure relate to changes in pathogen-suppression. Aspects of resource availability might influence the...

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...treptomyces can influence plant growth. For instance, Streptomyces have been shown to promote plant growth (Nassar et al., 2003; Verma et al., 2011), to synthesize plant hormones (Tuomi et al., 1994; =-=Joshi and Loria, 2007-=-), to prime the plant innate immune response system (Conn et al., 2008), and to modify interactions between plants and other symbiotic microorganisms (Tokala et al., 2002; Lehr et al., 2007; Schrey et...

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...ptomyces community structure relate to changes in pathogen-suppression. Aspects of resource availability might influence the development and maintenance of antagonistic phenotypes among Streptomyces (=-=Kinkel et al., 2012-=-). In particular, density-dependent selection may be important to the development of highly antagonistic communities capable of effectively suppressing pathogens; maintaining high Streptomyces densiti...

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... communities (Olff et al., 2000; McCarthy-Neumann and Kobe, 2010a), although mechanisms involving soil chemistry or nutrient levels can also be important (Ehrenfeld et al., 2005; Casper et al., 2008; =-=McCarthy-Neumann and Kobe, 2010b-=-). Pathogens and beneficial symbionts such as mycorrhizal fungi have been the primary foci for studies of microbially-mediated plantesoil feedbacks. * Corresponding author. Contents lists available at...

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...r pathogen pressure. There are also a variety of other mechanisms whereby plant-associated Streptomyces can influence plant growth. For instance, Streptomyces have been shown to promote plant growth (=-=Nassar et al., 2003-=-; Verma et al., 2011), to synthesize plant hormones (Tuomi et al., 1994; Joshi and Loria, 2007), to prime the plant innate immune response system (Conn et al., 2008), and to modify interactions betwee...

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...There are also a variety of other mechanisms whereby plant-associated Streptomyces can influence plant growth. For instance, Streptomyces have been shown to promote plant growth (Nassar et al., 2003; =-=Verma et al., 2011-=-), to synthesize plant hormones (Tuomi et al., 1994; Joshi and Loria, 2007), to prime the plant innate immune response system (Conn et al., 2008), and to modify interactions between plants and other s...

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... when conditions are conducive for disease development. Such disease suppression often results from competition- or antibiotic-mediated antagonism of pathogens by other microbes (Haas and Keel, 2003; =-=Anukool et al., 2004-=-; Kinkel et al., 2011). This suggests that plantesoil feedbacks may incorporate more complex microbial interactions, including antagonism of plant pathogens. Among soil bacteria, the Streptomyces poss...

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...tats grow in complex communities, interacting with neighboring plants. The identity of neighboring individuals has been shown to impact various aspects of plant phenotype (Bartelt-Ryser et al., 2005; =-=Broz et al., 2010-=-), which suggests that interactions of plants with soil microbial communities may be similarly altered by the presence or identity of neighboring individuals (Bakker et al., 2013). Plante plant intera...

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... of pathogens as a mechanism for attenuating negative feedbacks. Negative feedback through pathogen accumulation has long been appreciated in agriculture and is a primary rationale for crop rotation (=-=Hwang et al., 2009-=-). At the same time, however, long-term monoculture has also been associated with the development of diseasesuppressive soils (Menzies, 1959; Weller et al., 2002), in which little disease develops eve...

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... 1994; Joshi and Loria, 2007), to prime the plant innate immune response system (Conn et al., 2008), and to modify interactions between plants and other symbiotic microorganisms (Tokala et al., 2002; =-=Lehr et al., 2007-=-; Schrey et al., 2007). This work investigated relationships between plant growth performance and Streptomyces community antagonistic potential. We found that both plant species identity and plant com...

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...ria, 2007), to prime the plant innate immune response system (Conn et al., 2008), and to modify interactions between plants and other symbiotic microorganisms (Tokala et al., 2002; Lehr et al., 2007; =-=Schrey et al., 2007-=-). This work investigated relationships between plant growth performance and Streptomyces community antagonistic potential. We found that both plant species identity and plant community richness impac...

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...hrough soil microbial communities (Olff et al., 2000; McCarthy-Neumann and Kobe, 2010a), although mechanisms involving soil chemistry or nutrient levels can also be important (Ehrenfeld et al., 2005; =-=Casper et al., 2008-=-; McCarthy-Neumann and Kobe, 2010b). Pathogens and beneficial symbionts such as mycorrhizal fungi have been the primary foci for studies of microbially-mediated plantesoil feedbacks. * Corresponding a...

Citation Context

...y plant-associated Streptomyces can influence plant growth. For instance, Streptomyces have been shown to promote plant growth (Nassar et al., 2003; Verma et al., 2011), to synthesize plant hormones (=-=Tuomi et al., 1994-=-; Joshi and Loria, 2007), to prime the plant innate immune response system (Conn et al., 2008), and to modify interactions between plants and other symbiotic microorganisms (Tokala et al., 2002; Lehr ...