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... (EAS) should generate coherent radio emission. A few years later, in 1965, the phenomenon has been experimentally discovered by observing a radio pulse generated during the EAS development at 44 MHz =-=[2]-=-. In a review by Allan [3] these early studies were summarized. In the pioneering work of Askaryan coherent Cherenkov radiation of the chargeexcess was considered as the process responsible for the EA...

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...is sufficient for the following considerations. The main steps to process the measured LOPES radio raw signals of an individual air shower are the following (for a more detailed description see Refs. =-=[13,19]-=-): (1) Correction of instrumental delays by monitoring the relative phases of a TV transmitter in the measured frequency band. (2) Correction of the data for a frequency dependent gain factor of all e...

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...sured by particle detectors. A rather unique opportunity for calibrating and understanding the radio emission in EAS is provided by LOPES, which is located at the site of the KASCADEGrande experiment =-=[10,11]-=-. The KASCADE-Grande experiment installed at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe is a multi-detector setup which allows precise estimations of charged particle EAS observables in the primary energy range ...

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...nstructed. The reconstruction of the shower size Ne is also based on data of the Grande array, where the lateral distribution of the measured densities is described by a slightly modified NKGfunction =-=[17]-=-. The total muon number is obtained by a likelihood fit of the muon densities measured by the KASCADE muon detectors, located in the outer 192 stations of the KASCADE array [18]. In order to select an...

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...ller KASCADE array basic correlations of the radio signals with shower parameters were shown [13]. Further interesting features are currently being investigated with a sample of very inclined showers =-=[14]-=- and with a sample of events measured during thunderstorms [15]. The focus of the present paper is to display some general features deduced from first measurements of the LOPES experiment for events w...

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...ere the core and direction are randomly chosen inside the parameter space given by the KASCADE-Grande reconstruction accuracy. A more detailed discussion of the optimized beam-forming can be found in =-=[20]-=-. Fig. 3 shows as an example the result of such an optimized beam-forming for an event with a medium distance between shower axis and radio antennas. In the upper part of the figure the raw time-serie...

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...radius of 100 to 800 m, increasing with increasing zenith angle [6]. The CODALEMA experiment does also support such a dependence by a preliminary analysis of a few events (R0 of a few hundred meters) =-=[21]-=-. Fitting the present data set (Fig. 5) explicitly assuming an exponential function, R0 results to 230 ± 51 m, i.e. somewhat larger than Allan’s suggestion which is also drawn in Fig. 5. One has to no...

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...y modified NKGfunction [17]. The total muon number is obtained by a likelihood fit of the muon densities measured by the KASCADE muon detectors, located in the outer 192 stations of the KASCADE array =-=[18]-=-. In order to select and investigate the candidate events, the primary energy has been roughly estimated from measured and angular corrected electron and muon numbers by a linear combination where the...