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...cord physiological variables to study the response of the ANS during stressful tasks in a non-invasive manner through, e.g., parameters from cardiac activity, GSR dynamics, skin temperature and RespR =-=[15,18,29,30]-=-. The sensorized garments manufactured for recording such relevant physiological variables are mostly chest straps [10,11,31–33] and T-shirts [12,20,21,34–40] aiming to record respiration and heart ac...

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...alss(only HR and GSR). Their manual implementation wassbased on Mamdani fuzzy decision algorithm and auto-smatic implementation based on (ANFIS), which pro-svides a Sugeno-type fuzzy inference system =-=[18]-=-. How-sever, the proposed method in this research is able tosrecognize the negative human emotions by classifyingsfeatures extracted from physiological signals.s3. Physiological SignalssThis study pro...

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... invasive acquisition procedures. Table 1 gathers a summary on the signals involved in stress detection within literature. Together with signal processing and feature extraction, the comparison algorithms to elucidate the stress level of an individual are of great importance. There are some previous work considering several approaches for stress detection. The work presented by N. Sarkar Sarkar (2002a) proposes fuzzy logic (as M. Jiang and Z. Wang Jiang & Wang (2009)) to elucidate to what extent a user is under stress. On the other hand, the research presented by A. de Santos et al. de Santos Sierra et al. (2011) proposes the creation of a fuzzy stress template to which subsequent physiological acquisitions could be compared and contrasted. Other approaches have been proposed, based on different techniques like, SVM, k-NN, Bayes classifier. In order to extend excesively the document, Table 2 contains a summary of previous approaches within literature. Finally, a matter of importance are both how stress is induced in individuals and the number of samples to evaluate former approaches. Table 3 and Table 4 briefly show which experiments have been involved for provoking stress and which populations were r...

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...tress marker parameters derived from the electrocardiograph (ECG) are the heart rate (HR) and the heart rate variability (HRV) [14]. Stress can also be detected using other, less commonmarkers like accelerometer [15], key stroke dynamics [16], or blinking [17]. It is also common to use a combination of several markers at the expense of an increased system cost and user involvement. Fernandes et al. used GSR and blood pressure (BP) markers [18] for determining stress. Sun et al. describe mental stress detection using combined data fromECG,GSR, and accelerometer [19]. De Santos Sierra et al. in [20] used GSR and HR. Rigas et al. used ECG, GSR, and respiration for detecting stress while driving [21]. Wijsman et al. used ECG, respiration, GSR, and EMG of trapezius muscles for mental stress detection [22]. Riera et al. combined EEG and EMG markers [23]. Singh and Queyam used GSR, EMG, respiration, and HR [24] for detecting stress during driving. Pupil diameter, ECG, and photoplethysmogram were used as markers by Mokhayeri et al [25]. Baltaci and Gokcay used pupil diameter and temperature features in stress detection [26], while Choi used HRV, respiration, GSR, EMG, acceleration, and geograp...

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...ther signals lack of future integrity because they involve more invasive acquisition procedures. Table I gathers a summary on the signals involved in stress detection within literature. Together with signal processing and feature extraction, the comparison algorithms to elucidate the stress level of an individual are of great importance. There are some previous work considering several approaches for stress detection. The work Algorithms References SVM (Support Vector Machines) [16], [17] ANOVA Analysis [18] Bayes classifier [20] Fisher Analysis [10], [23] k-NN [23] Fuzzy Logic [3], [11] [7], [22] TABLE II LITERATURE REVIEW ON ALGORITHMS APPLIED TO STRESS DETECTION. Experiments References Stroop Test [16], [17] [20] Videogames [18] Driver and Pilot Simulation [10] Hyperventilation and Talk Preparation [22], [23] TABLE III LITERATURE REVIEW ON EXPERIMENT LAYOUTS ORIENTED TO PROVOKE STRESS. presented by [7] proposes fuzzy logic (as [21]) to elucidate to what extent a user is under stress. On the other hand, the research presented by [22] proposes the creation of a fuzzy stress template to which subsequent physiological acquisitions could be compared and contrasted. Other approaches have ...

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...ated with a distributed wireless sensor network for stress monitoring and detection [54], [55], and the major results have been obtained when the EDR information was integrated with the HRV one [56], =-=[57]-=-. As a matter of fact, in the stress assessment for driving alertness, the HRV and the EDR have been already used as physiological measures for such an assessment [38], [58]. Moreover, latest research...

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...cord physiological variables to study the response of the ANS during stressful tasks in asnon-invasive manner through, e.g., parameters from cardiac activity, GSR dynamics, skin temperaturesand RespR =-=[10,13,29,30]-=-.sThe sensorized garments manufactured for recording such relevant physiological variables aresmostly chest straps [5,6,31–33] and t-shirts [7,20,21,34–40] aiming to record respiration and heartsactiv...