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Education, Social Mobility and Religious Movements: A Theory of the Islamic Revival in Egypt ∗
, 2013
"... This paper examines the economic origins of the Islamic revival in Egypt. We provide the first systematic evidence of a decline in social mobility among educated youth in Egypt starting in the mid-1980s. A behavioral model of religion is then developed in which religion helps to cope with loss, whic ..."
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This paper examines the economic origins of the Islamic revival in Egypt. We provide the first systematic evidence of a decline in social mobility among educated youth in Egypt starting in the mid-1980s. A behavioral model of religion is then developed in which religion helps to cope with loss, which occurs when one’s consumption falls below an expectations-based reference point. We characterize conditions under which a temporary decline in social mobility produces a large and long-lasting rise in religious participation. The model provides an explanation for why the educated middle class were in the vanguard of the Islamic revival. Rather than undermining religious belief and participation, our analysis suggests that by raising aspirations economic development can make societies more prone to religious revivals.
of LaborMuslims in France: Identifying a Discriminatory Equilibrium
, 2012
"... Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The ..."
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Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be
Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich
, 2013
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Preliminary and incomplete—do not circulate, quote or cite
, 2013
"... We develop a model in which individuals choose education to improve their earnings and regulate the cultural traits they acquire via social transmission. When education makes individuals more receptive to mainstream culture, minority groups underinvest in education as a form of cultural resistance. ..."
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We develop a model in which individuals choose education to improve their earnings and regulate the cultural traits they acquire via social transmission. When education makes individuals more receptive to mainstream culture, minority groups underinvest in education as a form of cultural resistance. Economic and cultural incentives interact in surprising ways that increase income inequality. An increase in the skill premium induces low-ability minority types to reduce education—a phenomenon we call resisting education. The model links technological progress, globalization and anti-discrimination policies (e.g. affirmative action, Jewish emancipation) to oppositional attitudes toward education.
Social Identity and Redistributive Preferences: A Survey
"... Social identity is increasingly accepted as a key concept underpinning the endogeneity of economic behaviour and preferences. This feature is especially important in explaining redistribution preferences as well as attitudes towards redistribution and pro-social behaviour. This paper carries out a r ..."
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Social identity is increasingly accepted as a key concept underpinning the endogeneity of economic behaviour and preferences. This feature is especially important in explaining redistribution preferences as well as attitudes towards redistribution and pro-social behaviour. This paper carries out a review of the literature on the question and examines how economic theory conceptualises and empirically measures social identity and its e ects on preferences towards redistribution, social solidarity and redistributive institutions. Findings indicate that social identity does carries a weight in explaining the presence of social preferences and attitudes towards redistributive institutions.
of LaborEducation, Social Mobility and Religious Movements: A Theory of the Islamic Revival in Egypt
, 2013
"... Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The ..."
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Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be
Muslims in France: Identifying a discriminatory equilibrium.
, 2013
"... We analyze the assimilation patterns of Muslim immigrants in Western countries with a unique identification strategy. Survey and experimental data collected in France in 2009 suggest that Muslims and rooted French are locked in a sub-optimal equilib-rium whereby (i) rooted French exhibit taste-based ..."
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We analyze the assimilation patterns of Muslim immigrants in Western countries with a unique identification strategy. Survey and experimental data collected in France in 2009 suggest that Muslims and rooted French are locked in a sub-optimal equilib-rium whereby (i) rooted French exhibit taste-based discrimination against those they are able to identify as Muslims and (ii) Muslims perceive French institutions as system-atically discriminatory against them. This equilibrium is sustained because Muslims, perceiving discrimination as institutionalized, are reluctant to assimilate and rooted French, who are able to identify Muslims as such due to their lower assimilation, reveal their distaste for Muslims.
So, what are you? And does this matter? Second generation identities: Formation and effects
"... This paper examines the question whether identity is just a ‘label ’ or whether it affects economic outcomes, such as education, employment or political behaviour. However, before looking at these questions, we take one step back and look at how identity is formed, examining in particular its link t ..."
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This paper examines the question whether identity is just a ‘label ’ or whether it affects economic outcomes, such as education, employment or political behaviour. However, before looking at these questions, we take one step back and look at how identity is formed, examining in particular its link to language. As Turkey’s prime minister, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan visited Germany in February 2011, his statement ‘our children must learn German, but they must learn Turkish first ’ in a speech in Düsseldorf sparked a large social debate in an atmosphere where Germany’s chancellor, Angela Merkel declared last year that multiculturalism in Germany had ‘utterly failed’. Given the resulting controversy, we may believe that it was not only about the extra resources required in kindergarten to ensure equal chances, but also about a possible implicit assumption that (first) language may have a strong link with future identity and then possibly integration behaviour and political views. We provide an empirical investigation of (1) the process of identity formation and (2) the effects of identity on outcomes such as education, employment and political behaviour using data on Turkish and ex-Yugoslavian second generation immigrants in Austria and Germany. We believe that the key contributions of this paper to the literature on identity are: (1) the reliance on a formal theoretical model of identity formation to assess the link between identity and language, which is of policy relevance per se and (2) the use of these insights for instrumental variables estimation to overcome endogeneity problems in regressions attempting to measure the effect of identity on outcomes. A cross-country comparative perspective is used to assess the robustness of this identity formation mechanism and the effects of identity on outcomes.
