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Scalable Influence Maximization for Prevalent Viral Marketing in Large-Scale Social Networks
"... Influence maximization, defined by Kempe, Kleinberg, and Tardos (2003), is the problem of finding a small set of seed nodes in a social network that maximizes the spread of influence under certain influence cascade models. The scalability of influence maximization is a key factor for enabling preval ..."
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Cited by 183 (14 self)
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Influence maximization, defined by Kempe, Kleinberg, and Tardos (2003), is the problem of finding a small set of seed nodes in a social network that maximizes the spread of influence under certain influence cascade models. The scalability of influence maximization is a key factor for enabling prevalent viral marketing in largescale online social networks. Prior solutions, such as the greedy algorithm of Kempe et al. (2003) and its improvements are slow and not scalable, while other heuristic algorithms do not provide consistently good performance on influence spreads. In this paper, we design a new heuristic algorithm that is easily scalable to millions of nodes and edges in our experiments. Our algorithm has a simple tunable parameter for users to control the balance between the running time and the influence spread of the algorithm. Our results from extensive simulations on several real-world and synthetic networks demonstrate that our algorithm is currently the best scalable solution to the influence maximization problem: (a) our algorithm scales beyond million-sized graphs where the greedy algorithm becomes infeasible, and (b) in all size ranges, our algorithm performs consistently well in influence spread — it is always among the best algorithms, and in most cases it significantly outperforms all other scalable heuristics to as much as 100%–260 % increase in influence spread.
Learning Influence Probabilities In Social Networks
"... Recently, there has been tremendous interest in the phenomenon of influence propagation in social networks. The studies in this area assume they have as input to their problems a social graph with edges labeled with probabilities of influence between users. However, the question of where these proba ..."
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Cited by 148 (18 self)
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Recently, there has been tremendous interest in the phenomenon of influence propagation in social networks. The studies in this area assume they have as input to their problems a social graph with edges labeled with probabilities of influence between users. However, the question of where these probabilities come from or how they can be computed from real social network data has been largely ignored until now. Thus it is interesting to ask whether from a social graph and a log of actions by its users, one can build models of influence. This is the main problem attacked in this paper. In addition to proposing models and algorithms for learning the model parameters and for testing the learned models to make predictions, we also develop techniques for predicting the time by which a user may be expected to perform an action. We validate our ideas and techniques using the Flickr data set consisting of a social graph with 1.3M nodes, 40M edges, and an action log consisting of 35M tuples referring to 300K distinct actions. Beyond showing that there is genuine influence happening in a real social network, we show that our techniques have excellent prediction performance.
Scalable Influence Maximization in Social Networks under the Linear Threshold Model
"... Abstract—Influence maximization is the problem of finding a small set of most influential nodes in a social network so that their aggregated influence in the network is maximized. In this paper, we study influence maximization in the linear threshold model, one of the important models formalizing th ..."
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Cited by 75 (9 self)
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Abstract—Influence maximization is the problem of finding a small set of most influential nodes in a social network so that their aggregated influence in the network is maximized. In this paper, we study influence maximization in the linear threshold model, one of the important models formalizing the behavior of influence propagation in social networks. We first show that computing exact influence in general networks in the linear threshold model is #P-hard, which closes an open problem left in the seminal work on influence maximization by Kempe, Kleinberg, and Tardos, 2003. As a contrast, we show that computing influence in directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) can be done in time linear to the size of the graphs. Based on the fast computation in DAGs, we propose the first scalable influence maximization algorithm tailored for the linear threshold model. We conduct extensive simulations to show that our algorithm is scalable to networks with millions of nodes and edges, is orders of magnitude faster than the greedy approximation algorithm proposed by Kempe et al. and its optimized versions, and performs consistently among the best algorithms while other heuristic algorithms not design specifically for the linear threshold model have unstable performances on different realworld networks. Keywords-influence maximization; social networks; linear threshold model; I.
Limiting the Spread of Misinformation in Social Networks
"... In this work, we study the notion of competing campaigns in a social network. By modeling the spread of influence in the presence of competing campaigns, we provide necessary tools for applications such as emergency response where the goal is to limit the spread of misinformation. We study the probl ..."
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Cited by 54 (2 self)
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In this work, we study the notion of competing campaigns in a social network. By modeling the spread of influence in the presence of competing campaigns, we provide necessary tools for applications such as emergency response where the goal is to limit the spread of misinformation. We study the problem of influence limitation where a “bad ” campaign starts propagating from a certain node in the network and use the notion of limiting campaigns to counteract the effect of misinformation. The problem can be summarized as identifying a subset of individuals that need to be convinced to adopt the competing (or “good”) campaign so as to minimize the number of people that adopt the “bad ” campaign at the end of both propagation processes. We show that this optimization problem is NP-hard and provide approximation guarantees for a greedy solution for various definitions of this problem by proving that they are submodular. Although the greedy algorithm is a polynomial time algorithm, for today’s large scale social networks even this solution is computationally very expensive. Therefore, we study the performance of the degree centrality heuristic as well as other heuristics that have implications on our specific problem. The experiments on a number of close-knit regional networks obtained from the Facebook social network show that in most cases inexpensive heuristics do in fact compare well with the greedy approach.
Understanding Latent Interactions in Online Social Networks
"... Popular online social networks (OSNs) like Facebook and Twitter are changing the way users communicate and interact with the Internet. A deep understanding of user interactions in OSNs canprovide important insights into questions of human social behavior, and into the design of social platforms and ..."
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Cited by 53 (16 self)
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Popular online social networks (OSNs) like Facebook and Twitter are changing the way users communicate and interact with the Internet. A deep understanding of user interactions in OSNs canprovide important insights into questions of human social behavior, and into the design of social platforms and applications. However, recent studies have shown that a majority of user interactions on OSNs are latent interactions,passiveactionssuchasprofilebrowsing that cannot be observed by traditional measurement techniques. In this paper, we seek a deeper understanding of both visible and latent user interactions in OSNs. For quantifiable data on latent user interactions, we perform a detailed measurement study on Renren, the largest OSN in China with more than 150 million users to date. All friendship links in Renren are public, allowing us to exhaustively crawl a connected graph component of 42 million users and 1.66 billion social links in 2009. Renren also keeps detailed visitor logs for each user profile, and counters for each photo and diary/blog entry. We capture detailed histories of profile visits over a period of 90 days for more than 61,000 users in the Peking University Renren network, and use statistics of profile visits to study issues of user profile popularity, reciprocity of profile visits, and the impact of content updates on user popularity. We find that latent interactions are much more prevalent and frequent than visible events, non-reciprocal in nature, and that profile popularity are uncorrelated with the frequency of content updates. Finally, we construct latent interaction graphs as models of user browsing behavior, and compare their structural properties against those of both visible interaction graphs and social graphs.
A data-based approach to social influence maximization
- PVLDB
"... Influence maximization is the problem of finding a set of users in a social network, such that by targeting this set, one maximizes the expected spread of influence in the network. Most of the literature on this topic has focused exclusively on the social graph, overlooking historical data, i.e., tr ..."
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Cited by 50 (11 self)
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Influence maximization is the problem of finding a set of users in a social network, such that by targeting this set, one maximizes the expected spread of influence in the network. Most of the literature on this topic has focused exclusively on the social graph, overlooking historical data, i.e., traces of past action propagations. In this paper, we study influence maximization from a novel data-based perspective. In particular, we introduce a new model, which we call credit distribution, that directly leverages available propagation traces to learn how influence flows in the network and uses this to estimate expected influence spread. Our approach also learns the different levels of influenceability of users, and it is time-aware in the sense that it takes the temporal nature of influence into account. Weshowthatinfluencemaximizationunderthecreditdistribution model is NP-hard and that the function that definesexpectedspreadunderourmodelissubmodular. Based on these, we develop an approximation algorithm for solving the influence maximization problem that at once enjoys high accuracy compared to the standard approach, while being several orders of magnitude faster and more scalable. 1.
CELF++: Optimizing the greedy algorithm for influence maximization in social networks
- In Proceedings of the 19th International World Wide Web Conference
, 2011
"... Kempe et al. [4] (KKT) showed the problem of influence maximization is NP-hard and a simple greedy algorithm guarantees the best possible approximation factor in PTIME. However, it has two major sources of inefficiency. First, finding the expected spread of a node set is #P-hard. Second, the basic g ..."
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Cited by 35 (2 self)
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Kempe et al. [4] (KKT) showed the problem of influence maximization is NP-hard and a simple greedy algorithm guarantees the best possible approximation factor in PTIME. However, it has two major sources of inefficiency. First, finding the expected spread of a node set is #P-hard. Second, the basic greedy algorithm is quadratic in the number of nodes. The first source is tackled by estimating the spread using Monte Carlo simulation or by using heuristics [4, 6, 2, 5, 1, 3]. Leskovec et al. [6] proposed the CELF algorithm for tackling the second. In this work, we propose CELF++ and empirically show that it is 35-55 % faster than CELF.
Influence Maximization in Social Networks When Negative Opinions May Emerge and Propagate
"... Influence maximization, defined by Kempe, Kleinberg, and Tardos (2003), is the problem of finding a small set of seed nodes in a social network that maximizes the spread of influence under certain influence cascade models. In this paper, we propose an extension to the independent cascade model that ..."
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Cited by 28 (7 self)
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Influence maximization, defined by Kempe, Kleinberg, and Tardos (2003), is the problem of finding a small set of seed nodes in a social network that maximizes the spread of influence under certain influence cascade models. In this paper, we propose an extension to the independent cascade model that incorporates the emergence and propagation of negative opinions. The new model has an explicit parameter called quality factor to model the natural behavior of people turning negative to a product due to product defects. Our model incorporates negativity bias (negative opinions usually dominate over positive opinions) commonly acknowledged in the social psychology literature. The model maintains some nice properties such as submodularity, which allows a greedy approximation algorithm for maximizing positive influence within a ratio of 1 − 1/e. We define a quality sensitivity ratio (qs-ratio) of influence graphs and show a tight bound of Θ ( √ n/k) on the qs-ratio, where n is the number of nodes in the network and k is the number of seeds selected, which indicates that seed selection is sensitive to the quality factor for general graphs. We design an efficient algorithm to compute influence in tree structures, which is nontrivial due to the negativity bias in the model. We use this algorithm as the core to build a heuristic algorithm for influence maximization for general graphs. Through simulations, we show that our heuristic algorithm has matching influence with a standard greedy approximation algorithm while being orders of magnitude faster.
Influence Blocking Maximization in Social Networks under the Competitive Linear Threshold Model
"... In many real-world situations, different and often opposite opinions, innovations, or products are competing with one another for their social influence in a networked society. In this paper, we study competitive influence propagation in social networks under the competitive linear threshold (CLT) m ..."
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Cited by 25 (5 self)
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In many real-world situations, different and often opposite opinions, innovations, or products are competing with one another for their social influence in a networked society. In this paper, we study competitive influence propagation in social networks under the competitive linear threshold (CLT) model, an extension to the classic linear threshold model. Under the CLT model, we focus on the problem that one entity tries to block the influence propagation of its competing entity as much as possible by strategically selecting a number of seed nodes that could initiate its own influence propagation. We call this problem the influence blocking maximization (IBM) problem. We prove that the objective function of IBM in the CLT model is submodular, and thus a greedy algorithm could achieve 1−1/e approximation ratio. However, the greedy algorithm requires Monte-Carlo simulations of competitive influence propagation, which makes the algorithm not efficient. We design an efficient algorithm CLDAG, which utilizes the properties of the CLT model, to address this issue. We conduct extensive simulations of CLDAG, the greedy algorithm, and other baseline algorithms on real-world and synthetic datasets. Our results show that CLDAG is able to provide best accuracy in par with the greedy algorithm and often better than other algorithms, while it is two orders of magnitude faster than the greedy algorithm.
Influence maximization in continuous time diffusion networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1205.1682
, 2012
"... The problem of finding the optimal set of source nodes in a diffusion network that maximizes the spread of information, influence, and diseases in a limited amount of time depends dramati-cally on the underlying temporal dynamics of the network. However, this still remains largely unexplored to date ..."
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Cited by 24 (6 self)
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The problem of finding the optimal set of source nodes in a diffusion network that maximizes the spread of information, influence, and diseases in a limited amount of time depends dramati-cally on the underlying temporal dynamics of the network. However, this still remains largely unexplored to date. To this end, given a net-work and its temporal dynamics, we first des-cribe how continuous time Markov chains allow us to analytically compute the average total num-ber of nodes reached by a diffusion process star-ting in a set of source nodes. We then show that selecting the set of most influential source nodes in the continuous time influence maxi-mization problem is NP-hard and develop an efficient approximation algorithm with provable near-optimal performance. Experiments on syn-thetic and real diffusion networks show that our algorithm outperforms other state of the art al-gorithms by at least ∼20 % and is robust across different network topologies. 1.
