Results 1 - 10
of
19
Universal coalgebra: a theory of systems
, 2000
"... In the semantics of programming, nite data types such as finite lists, have traditionally been modelled by initial algebras. Later final coalgebras were used in order to deal with in finite data types. Coalgebras, which are the dual of algebras, turned out to be suited, moreover, as models for certa ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 408 (42 self)
- Add to MetaCart
In the semantics of programming, nite data types such as finite lists, have traditionally been modelled by initial algebras. Later final coalgebras were used in order to deal with in finite data types. Coalgebras, which are the dual of algebras, turned out to be suited, moreover, as models for certain types of automata and more generally, for (transition and dynamical) systems. An important property of initial algebras is that they satisfy the familiar principle of induction. Such a principle was missing for coalgebras until the work of Aczel (Non-Well-Founded sets, CSLI Leethre Notes, Vol. 14, center for the study of Languages and information, Stanford, 1988) on a theory of non-wellfounded sets, in which he introduced a proof principle nowadays called coinduction. It was formulated in terms of bisimulation, a notion originally stemming from the world of concurrent programming languages. Using the notion of coalgebra homomorphism, the definition of bisimulation on coalgebras can be shown to be formally dual to that of congruence on algebras. Thus, the three basic notions of universal algebra: algebra, homomorphism of algebras, and congruence, turn out to correspond to coalgebra, homomorphism of coalgebras, and bisimulation, respectively. In this paper, the latter are taken
A Tutorial on (Co)Algebras and (Co)Induction
- EATCS Bulletin
, 1997
"... . Algebraic structures which are generated by a collection of constructors--- like natural numbers (generated by a zero and a successor) or finite lists and trees--- are of well-established importance in computer science. Formally, they are initial algebras. Induction is used both as a definition pr ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 271 (36 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
. Algebraic structures which are generated by a collection of constructors--- like natural numbers (generated by a zero and a successor) or finite lists and trees--- are of well-established importance in computer science. Formally, they are initial algebras. Induction is used both as a definition principle, and as a proof principle for such structures. But there are also important dual "coalgebraic" structures, which do not come equipped with constructor operations but with what are sometimes called "destructor" operations (also called observers, accessors, transition maps, or mutators). Spaces of infinite data (including, for example, infinite lists, and non-well-founded sets) are generally of this kind. In general, dynamical systems with a hidden, black-box state space, to which a user only has limited access via specified (observer or mutator) operations, are coalgebras of various kinds. Such coalgebraic systems are common in computer science. And "coinduction" is the appropriate te...
Structural Induction and Coinduction in a Fibrational Setting
- Information and Computation
, 1997
"... . We present a categorical logic formulation of induction and coinduction principles for reasoning about inductively and coinductively defined types. Our main results provide sufficient criteria for the validity of such principles: in the presence of comprehension, the induction principle for in ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 85 (16 self)
- Add to MetaCart
. We present a categorical logic formulation of induction and coinduction principles for reasoning about inductively and coinductively defined types. Our main results provide sufficient criteria for the validity of such principles: in the presence of comprehension, the induction principle for initial algebras is admissible, and dually, in the presence of quotient types, the coinduction principle for terminal coalgebras is admissible. After giving an alternative formulation of induction in terms of binary relations, we combine both principles and obtain a mixed induction/coinduction principle which allows us to reason about minimal solutions X = oe(X) where X may occur both positively and negatively in the type constructor oe. We further strengthen these logical principles to deal with contexts and prove that such strengthening is valid when the (abstract) logic we consider is contextually/functionally complete. All the main results follow from a basic result about adjunc...
Initial Algebra and Final Coalgebra Semantics for Concurrency
, 1994
"... The aim of this paper is to relate initial algebra semantics and final coalgebra semantics. It is shown how these two approaches to the semantics of programming languages are each others dual, and some conditions are given under which they coincide. More precisely, it is shown how to derive initial ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 55 (8 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
The aim of this paper is to relate initial algebra semantics and final coalgebra semantics. It is shown how these two approaches to the semantics of programming languages are each others dual, and some conditions are given under which they coincide. More precisely, it is shown how to derive initial semantics from final semantics, using the initiality and finality to ensure their equality. Moreover, many facts about congruences (on algebras) and (generalized) bisimulations (on coalgebras) are shown to be dual as well.
A Coinduction Principle for Recursive Data Types Based on Bisimulation
, 1996
"... This paper provides foundations for a reasoning principle (coinduction) for establishing the equality of potentially infinite elements of self-referencing (or circular) data types. As it is well-known, such data types not only form the core of the denotational approach to the semantics of programmin ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 36 (3 self)
- Add to MetaCart
This paper provides foundations for a reasoning principle (coinduction) for establishing the equality of potentially infinite elements of self-referencing (or circular) data types. As it is well-known, such data types not only form the core of the denotational approach to the semantics of programming languages [SS71], but also arise explicitly as recursive data types in functional programming languages like Standard ML [MTH90] or Haskell [HPJW92]. In the latter context, the coinduction principle provides a powerful technique for establishing the equality of programs with values in recursive data types (see examples herein and in [Pit94]).
On the Foundations of Final Coalgebra Semantics: non-well-founded sets, partial orders, metric spaces
, 1998
"... ..."
Algebraic-coalgebraic specification in CoCasl
- J. LOGIC ALGEBRAIC PROGRAMMING
, 2006
"... We introduce CoCasl as a simple coalgebraic extension of the algebraic specification language Casl. CoCasl allows the nested combination of algebraic datatypes and coalgebraic process types. We show that the well-known coalgebraic modal logic can be expressed in CoCasl. We present sufficient criter ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 26 (9 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
We introduce CoCasl as a simple coalgebraic extension of the algebraic specification language Casl. CoCasl allows the nested combination of algebraic datatypes and coalgebraic process types. We show that the well-known coalgebraic modal logic can be expressed in CoCasl. We present sufficient criteria for the existence of cofree models, also for several variants of nested cofree and free specifications. Moreover, we describe an extension of the existing proof support for Casl (in the shape of an encoding into higher-order logic) to CoCasl.
Invariants, Bisimulations and the Correctness of Coalgebraic Refinements
- Techn. Rep. CSI-R9704, Comput. Sci. Inst., Univ. of Nijmegen
, 1997
"... . Coalgebraic specifications are used to formally describe the behaviour of classes in object-oriented languages. In this paper, a general notion of refinement between two such coalgebraic specifications is defined, capturing the idea that one "concrete" class specification realises the be ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 16 (4 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
. Coalgebraic specifications are used to formally describe the behaviour of classes in object-oriented languages. In this paper, a general notion of refinement between two such coalgebraic specifications is defined, capturing the idea that one "concrete" class specification realises the behaviour of the other, "abstract" class specification. Two (complete) proof-techniques are given to establish such refinements: one involving an invariant (a predicate that is closed under transitions) on the concrete class, and one involving a bisimulation (a relation that is closed under transitions) between the concrete and the abstract class. The latter can only be used if the abstract class is what we call totally specified. Parts of the underlying theory of invariants and bisimulations in a coalgebraic setting are included, involving least and greatest invariants and connections between invariants and bisimulations. Also, the proof-principles are illustrated in examples (which are fully formalise...
Dialgebraic Specification and Modeling
"... corecursive functions COALGEBRA state model constructors destructors data model recursive functions reachable hidden abstraction observable hidden restriction congruences invariants visible abstraction ALGEBRA visible restriction!e Swinging Cube ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 4 (4 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
corecursive functions COALGEBRA state model constructors destructors data model recursive functions reachable hidden abstraction observable hidden restriction congruences invariants visible abstraction ALGEBRA visible restriction!e Swinging Cube
