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22
Biodynamic Ontology: Applying BFO in the Biomedical Domain
- Stud. Health Technol. Inform
, 2004
"... Abstract. We propose a modular formal ontology of the biomedical domain with two components, one for biological objects, corresponding broadly to anatomy, and one for biological processes, corresponding broadly to physiology. The result constitutes what might be described as a joint venture between ..."
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Cited by 80 (10 self)
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Abstract. We propose a modular formal ontology of the biomedical domain with two components, one for biological objects, corresponding broadly to anatomy, and one for biological processes, corresponding broadly to physiology. The result constitutes what might be described as a joint venture between two perspectives – of
The Basic Tools of Formal Ontology
- Formal Ontology in Information Systems
, 1998
"... The term ‘formal ontology ’ was first used by the philosopher Edmund Husserl in his Logical Investigations to signify the study of those formal structures and relations – above all relations of part and whole – which are exemplified in the subject-matters of the different material sciences. We follo ..."
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Cited by 36 (2 self)
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The term ‘formal ontology ’ was first used by the philosopher Edmund Husserl in his Logical Investigations to signify the study of those formal structures and relations – above all relations of part and whole – which are exemplified in the subject-matters of the different material sciences. We follow Husserl in presenting the basic concepts of formal ontology as falling into three groups: the theory of part and whole, the theory of dependence, and the theory of boundary, continuity and contact. These basic concepts are presented in relation to the problem of providing an account of the formal ontology of the mesoscopic realm of everyday experience, and specifically of providing an account of the concept of individual substance.
Basic Concepts of Formal Ontology
- Formal Ontology in
"... The term ‘formal ontology ’ was first used by the philosopher Edmund Husserl in his Logical Investigations to signify the study of those formal structures and relations – above all relations of part and whole – which are exemplified in the subject-matters of the different material sciences. We follo ..."
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Cited by 26 (3 self)
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The term ‘formal ontology ’ was first used by the philosopher Edmund Husserl in his Logical Investigations to signify the study of those formal structures and relations – above all relations of part and whole – which are exemplified in the subject-matters of the different material sciences. We follow Husserl in presenting the basic concepts of formal ontology as falling into three groups: the theory of part and whole, the theory of dependence, and the theory of boundary, continuity and contact. These basic concepts are presented in relation to the problem of providing an account of the formal ontology of the mesoscopic realm of everyday experience, and specifically of providing an account of the concept of individual substance.
GOL: Towards an Axiomatized Upper-Level Ontology
- IMISE, LEIPZIG
, 2001
"... Every domain-specific ontology must use as a framework some upper-level ontology which describes the most general domain-independent categories of reality. In the present paper we sketch a new type of upper-level ontology, and we outline an associated knowledge modelling language called GOL – for: G ..."
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Cited by 18 (2 self)
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Every domain-specific ontology must use as a framework some upper-level ontology which describes the most general domain-independent categories of reality. In the present paper we sketch a new type of upper-level ontology, and we outline an associated knowledge modelling language called GOL – for: General Ontological Language. It turns out that the upper-level ontology underlying well-known standard modelling languages such as KIF, F-Logic and CycL is restricted to the ontology of sets. In a set theory which allows Urelements, however, there will be ontological relations between these Urelements which the set-theoretic machinery cannot capture. In contrast to standard modelling and representation formalisms, GOL provides a machinery for representing and analysing such ontologically basic relations. GOL is thus a genuine extension of KIF and of similar languages. In GOL entities are divided into sets and Urelements, the latter being divided in their turn into individuals and universals. Foremost among the individuals are things or substances, tropes or moments, and situoids: entities containing facts as components.
A formal theory of substances, qualities, and universals
- In Achille Varzi and Laure Vieu, editors, Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS'04
, 2004
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GOL: A General Ontological Language
- FORMAL ONTOLOGY AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
, 2001
"... Every domain-specific ontology must use as a framework some upper-level ontology which describes the most general, domain-independent categories of reality. In the present paper we sketch a new type of upper-level ontology, which is intended to be the basis of a knowledge modelling language GOL (for ..."
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Cited by 12 (2 self)
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Every domain-specific ontology must use as a framework some upper-level ontology which describes the most general, domain-independent categories of reality. In the present paper we sketch a new type of upper-level ontology, which is intended to be the basis of a knowledge modelling language GOL (for: 'General Ontological Language'). It turns out that the upper- level ontology underlying standard modelling languages such as KIF, F-Logic and CycL is restricted to the ontology of sets. Set theory has considerable mathematical power and great flexibility as a framework for modelling different sorts of structures. At the same time it has the disadvantage that sets are abstract entities (entities existing outside the realm of time, space and causality), and thus a set-theoretical framework should be supplemented by some other machinery if it is to support applications in the ripe, messy world of concrete objects. In the present paper we partition the entities of the real world into sets and urelements, and then we introduce several new ontological relations between these urelements. In contrast to standard modelling and representation formalisms, the concepts of GOL provide a machinery for representing and analysing such ontologically basic relations.
Sixteen Days
- The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy
, 2003
"... When does a human being begin to exist? We argue that it is possible, through a combination of biological fact and philosophical analysis, to provide a definitive answer to this question. We lay down a set of conditions for being a human being, and we determine when, in the course of normal fetal de ..."
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Cited by 8 (0 self)
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When does a human being begin to exist? We argue that it is possible, through a combination of biological fact and philosophical analysis, to provide a definitive answer to this question. We lay down a set of conditions for being a human being, and we determine when, in the course of normal fetal development, these conditions are first satisfied. Issues dealt with along the way include: modes of substance-formation, twinning, the nature of the intra-uterine environment, and the nature of the relation between fetus and mother (connection, parthood, dependence). I.
Formalised Elementary Formal Ontology
- INSTITUTE OF COGNITIVE SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
, 2002
"... Formal ontology, as the science of the formal relations that structure reality as a whole, aims at a theory of categories corresponding to the most general features of possible objects, whether existing or non-existing. The present paper is an attempt to summarise and extend recent research in an ..."
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Cited by 7 (0 self)
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Formal ontology, as the science of the formal relations that structure reality as a whole, aims at a theory of categories corresponding to the most general features of possible objects, whether existing or non-existing. The present paper is an attempt to summarise and extend recent research in analytical metaphysics in a formalised theory of objects. Existence is characterised as a formal property, suggesting that the use of quantifiers alone does not involve any existential assumptions about the objects quantified over. However, the only non-existing objects allowed for in the present account are real or objective possibilities. De re modalities as well as ontological dependence are defined on the basis of a counterpart-theoretic specification of possibilia. The present framework allows for necessary and non-relative identity as well as for a granular parthood relationship satisfying the thesis of composition as partial identity. The paper culminates in the formalisation of an Aristotelian four-category ontology allowing for universals and particulars, substances and particularised properties; in this context, the redundance of higher-order material universals as well as moderate haecceitism is argued for. After a short analysis of relationality and extrinsicness, a theory of spatial and temporal objects is sketched and a temporal counterpart theory is proposed as a solution to the problem of temporary intrinsics. The paper concludes with some general remarks on the relation between ontology and the theory of subjectivity, defending a modal approach to consciousness and a counterpart theoretic analysis of intentionality.
A World of Fields
- Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities
, 2000
"... (Format A5; print 2 pages per sheet) Trope ontology is exposed and confronted with the question where one trope ends and another begins. It is argued that tropes do not have determinate boundaries, it is arbitrary how tropes are carved up. An ontology, which I call field ontology, is proposed which ..."
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Cited by 2 (0 self)
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(Format A5; print 2 pages per sheet) Trope ontology is exposed and confronted with the question where one trope ends and another begins. It is argued that tropes do not have determinate boundaries, it is arbitrary how tropes are carved up. An ontology, which I call field ontology, is proposed which takes this into account. The material world consists of a certain number of fields, each of which is extended over all of space. It is shown how field ontology can also tackle the problem of determin-able properties and the problem of completeness of things. 1 Socrates said to Phaedrus that it would be good if one were able to carve up everything at its natural joints. (Plato, Phaedrus 265e) One should not carve up things like a bad cook who destroys the limbs when he carves up the beast because he does not carve it at its natural joints. The philosophical question here is how the material world is to be divided up
mp2006_1.pdf
, 2006
"... Abstract This paper argues that each of the so-called puzzles of the ship of Theseus, of Tibbles-and-Tib, and of the Statue-and-its-matter has a straightforward solution within ontologies that allow Aristotelian form-matter dualities and what is dubbed "supervenient numerical identity". A ..."
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Abstract This paper argues that each of the so-called puzzles of the ship of Theseus, of Tibbles-and-Tib, and of the Statue-and-its-matter has a straightforward solution within ontologies that allow Aristotelian form-matter dualities and what is dubbed "supervenient numerical identity". All three puzzles are concerned with part-to-enduring-whole problems, in turn, exchange of parts, loss of a part, and having as a constitutive part the same matter as another entity. In the light of the solutions put forward, these identity puzzles appear to be strong arguments against nominalism and reductive materialism. They point towards the view that the world contains real non-reducible enduring supervenient entities.
