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Modeling eye gaze patterns in clinician-patient interaction with lag sequential analysis. Hum Factors
"... Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether lag sequential analysis could be used to describe eye gaze orientation between clinicians and patients in the medical encounter. This topic is particularly impor-tant as new technologies are implemented into multiuser health care settings in wh ..."
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Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether lag sequential analysis could be used to describe eye gaze orientation between clinicians and patients in the medical encounter. This topic is particularly impor-tant as new technologies are implemented into multiuser health care settings in which trust is critical and nonverbal cues are integral to achieving trust. This analysis method could lead to design guidelines for technologies and more effective assessments of interventions. Background: Nonverbal communication patterns are important aspects of clinician–patient interactions and may affect patient outcomes. Method: The eye gaze behaviors of clinicians and patients in 110 videotaped medical encounters were analyzed using the lag sequential method to identify significant behavior sequences. Lag sequential analysis included both event-based lag and time-based lag. Results: Results from event-based lag analysis showed that the patient’s gaze followed that of the clinician, whereas the clinician’s gaze did not follow the patient’s. Time-based sequential analysis showed that responses from the patient usually occurred within 2 s after the initial behavior of the clinician. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the clinician’s gaze significantly affects the medical encounter but that the converse is not true. Application: Findings from this research have implications for the design of clinical work systems and modeling interactions. Similar research methods could be used to identify different behavior patterns in clinical settings (physical layout, technology, etc.) to facilitate and evaluate clinical work system designs.
Racial/ethnic disparities in health care: lessons from medicine for dentistry
- J Dent Educ
"... Abstract: To describe what is known about racial disparities in provided health care and to better understand the dynamics of this issue within dentistry, this article draws on data from the medical literature, focusing especially on reviewing what is known about disparities in care received by thos ..."
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Abstract: To describe what is known about racial disparities in provided health care and to better understand the dynamics of this issue within dentistry, this article draws on data from the medical literature, focusing especially on reviewing what is known about disparities in care received by those who have accessed the health care system. An overview of the possible causal factors is presented, along with suggestions for future research.
Māori Participation in the Physiotherapy Workforce 1
"... ABSTRACT Aims: This research aims to identify barriers and facilitators for Māori participation and retention in the physiotherapy workforce to inform evidencebased policy and intervention to strengthen the Māori physiotherapy workforce. Methods: A kaupapa Māori research approach was taken. Ten sta ..."
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ABSTRACT Aims: This research aims to identify barriers and facilitators for Māori participation and retention in the physiotherapy workforce to inform evidencebased policy and intervention to strengthen the Māori physiotherapy workforce. Methods: A kaupapa Māori research approach was taken. Ten stakeholders participated in in-depth key informant interviews using a structured questionnaire. Thematic analysis was carried out within a kaupapa Māori approach. Results: Māori face significant barriers to participation in the physiotherapy workforce at the systems, organizational, and individual levels. Some interventions have been established to address disparities and facilitate Māori success in physiotherapy education, recruitment, and retention in the physiotherapy workforce. However, existing interventions are not comprehensive and are limited in scope. Conclusion: A comprehensive approach to Māori physiotherapy workforce development is required that draws on learnings from the experiences of other disciplines and fields, such as medicine and mental health. Account must be taken of the broader determinants of Māori physiotherapy workforce participation, for example, social, economic, political, and cultural factors, and should address individual, organizational, and structural level barriers.
WITH A MAJOR IN NURSING
"... This Master’s Project has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this project are allowabl ..."
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This Master’s Project has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this project are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgments of source are made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from, or reproduction of, this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained by the
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, 2012
"... James Herbert Williams, PhD., MSW ELIMINATING BEHAVIORAL HEALTH DISPARITIES 2 ..."
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James Herbert Williams, PhD., MSW ELIMINATING BEHAVIORAL HEALTH DISPARITIES 2
A REVIEW OF THE QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE
, 2004
"... ABSTRACT: The author documents health care disparities for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIANs) and reports on progress made in the last five years to reduce or eliminate gaps in care. In examining the demographics of this group, she notes in particular a substantial urban AIAN population tha ..."
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ABSTRACT: The author documents health care disparities for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIANs) and reports on progress made in the last five years to reduce or eliminate gaps in care. In examining the demographics of this group, she notes in particular a substantial urban AIAN population that is both understudied and which may be underserved by the traditional AIAN health care infrastructure. The author also reports on changes to this infrastructure, with management shifting from the Indian Health Service (IHS) to tribes and the use of more managed care—neither of which changes have been well studied. New initiatives for quality monitoring are described, including the IHS’s initiatives under the Government Performance and Results Act. The author also reviews initiatives on the treatment and control of specific medical conditions. The author offers 10 conclusions/recommendations with respect to disparities between medical care for AIANs and the general population. Support for this paper was provided by The Commonwealth Fund. The views presented
