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...principle, echolocation calls of bats (Fig. 1) can also have information for conspecifics, such as the presence and location of other individuals (Barclay, Fenton & Thomas, 1979; Fenton & Bell, 1981; =-=Barclay, 1982-=-; Avery, Racey & Fenton, 1984; Leonard & Fenton, 1984; Fenton, 1985, 1986; Balcombe & Fenton, 1988; Masters & Jacobs, 1989; Wilkinson, 1992a, 1995; Masters, Raver & Kazial, 1995; Obrist, 1995). Echolo...

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...roduce loud echolocation calls with distinctive terminal phases as they approach and capture prey. Other individuals eavesdrop on these conspicuous signals and use them to detect aggregations of prey =-=[21, 22]-=-. Likewise, the screech calls of greater spear-nosed bats, Phyllostomus hastatus, attract group mates to foraging patches, such as concentrations of flowering balsa [23]. Studies with short-tailed fru...

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... discussed above. In addition to further reducing confusion in echolocation, the dynamic JAR in T. teniotis may also have a communicative role, as suggested for electrolocation (Kramer 1999; see also =-=Barclay 1982-=-). For flying bats, such a role could be to enhance their ability to identify, locate and track Jamming avoidance in bats N. Ulanovsky and others 1473 8.5 11.0 time (s) time (s) time (s) time (s) time...

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...ts; echolocating microchiroptera species appear to monitor and respond to thesecholocation signals of conspecifics and sympatric species as a means of locatingsfeeding sites (Balcombe & Fenton, 1988; =-=Barclay, 1982-=-). The bats’ responses seemspredominantly cued to ‘feeding buzzes’, indicative of the presence of prey by batssactively involved in feeding. This process is not unlike traditional definitions ofseaves...

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...ntradictory to our sonar model, nor are observations that males approach singers or that singers do not approach every pod within a 1-km range. Bats are known to approach other echolocating bats [39]–=-=[41]-=-, to echolocate while accompanying other bats [23], to ignore (or fail to approach) targets within a detectable range, and to engage in a variety of social interactions while echolocating [42], as are...

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...ehaviour of other bats (Fenton 2003). Furthermore, echolocation calls are also used in communication (Kanwal et al. 1994; Ma et al. 2006; Melendez et al. 2006). Bats can locate foraging conspecifics (=-=Barclay 1982-=-) and roosts (Ruczyński et al. 2007) by eavesdropping on echolocation calls, and acoustic character displacement occurs so that horseshoe bat species often maintain ‘private bandwidths’ of call freque...

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...oduce loud echolocation calls with distinctive terminal phases as they approach and capture prey. Other individuals eavesdrop on these conspicuous signals and use them to detect aggregations of prey (=-=Barclay 1982-=-, Balcombe and Fenton 1988). Likewise, the screech calls of greater spear-nosed bats, Phyllostomus hastatus, attract group-mates to foraging patches such as concentrations of flowering balsa (Wilkinso...

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...vestigations into the possible role of echolocation in communication between adults have been made. Unintentional communication, via eavesdropping, by foraging bats has been shown in several species (=-=Barclay 1982-=-; Fenton 1986). Barclay (1982) showed that individual Myotis lucifugus used the echolocation calls of conspecifics to locate resources such as food, roosts, and mating and hibernation sites. Both Myot...

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...t of increasing the frequency may not be the range, but rather the width, of the sonar, or the bat’s ‘peripheral vision’. Bats have been shown to respond to sonar calls of other bats up to 50 m away (=-=Barclay 1982-=-), supporting the idea that echolocation is also used for communication. Maximum communication distance will depend significantly on directionality. Indeed, directionality is important for all animals...

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...ehaviour of other bats (Fenton 2003). Furthermore, echolocation calls are also used in communication (Kanwal et al. 1994; Ma et al. 2006; Melendez et al. 2006). Bats can locate foraging conspecifics (=-=Barclay 1982-=-) and roosts (Ruczyński et al. 2007) by eavesdropping on echolocation calls, and acoustic character displacement occurs so that horseshoe bat species often maintain ‘private bandwidths’ of call frequ...