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A physical retrieval of cloud liquid water over the global oceans using Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) observations
- J. Geophys. Res
, 1993
"... A method of remotely sensing integrated cloud liquid water over the oceans using spaceborne passive measurements from the special sensor microwave/imager (SSM/I) is described. The tech-nique is comprised of a simple physical model that uses the 19.35- and 37-GHz channels of the SSM/I. The most compr ..."
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A method of remotely sensing integrated cloud liquid water over the oceans using spaceborne passive measurements from the special sensor microwave/imager (SSM/I) is described. The tech-nique is comprised of a simple physical model that uses the 19.35- and 37-GHz channels of the SSM/I. The most comprehensive validation to date of cloud liquid water estimated from satellites is presented. This is accomplished through a comparison to independent ground-based microwave radiometer measurements of liquid water on San Nicolas Island, over the North Sea, and on Kwa-jalein and Saipan Islands in the western Pacific. In areas of marine stratocumulus clouds off the coast of California a further comparison is made to liquid water inferred from advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHI•I•) visible reflectance measurements. The results are also compared qualitatively with near-coincident satellite imagery and with other existing microwave methods in selected regions. These comparisons indicate that the liquid water amounts derived from the simple scheme are consistent with the ground-based measurements for nonprecipitating cloud sys-tems in the subtropics and middle to high latitudes. The comparison in the tropics, however, was less conclusive. Nevertheless, the retrieval method appears to have general applicability over most areas of the global oceans. An observational measure of the minimum uncertainty in the retrievals
Tropical Ice Water Amount and Its Relations to Other Atmospheric Hydrological Parameters as Inferred from Satellite Data
, 1998
"... An over-ocean ice water path (IWP) algorithm, using satellite Special Sensor Microwave Water Vapor Sounder (SSM/T-2) data, is presented for clouds during the Tropical Oceans Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–At-mosphere Response Experiment. In developing the retrieval algorithm, clouds are first divid ..."
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Cited by 2 (0 self)
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An over-ocean ice water path (IWP) algorithm, using satellite Special Sensor Microwave Water Vapor Sounder (SSM/T-2) data, is presented for clouds during the Tropical Oceans Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–At-mosphere Response Experiment. In developing the retrieval algorithm, clouds are first divided into 10 classes based on their top temperatures and microwave radiative properties. Radiative transfer model simulations are then performed for the different classes to establish a relation between IWP and the depression of 150-GHz brightness temperature. Correction to the effect of supercooled liquid water is done by incorporating data of liquid water path (LWP) retrievals from Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and relative humidity profiles from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts analyses. The algorithm retrievals are compared with the analyses in the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) dataset. By using collocated SSM/T-2, SSM/I, and ISCCP data, the relations among IWP and other atmospheric hydrological properties including cloud-top temperature, LWP, rainfall rate, and precipitable water are investigated. The results indicate that IWP tends to increase with the decrease of cloud-top temperature and this correlation is particularly evident for precipitating clouds. LWP retrieved for nonprecipitating clouds has a similar tendency but only for those with top temperatures warmer than 08C. There is no clear relation between IWP and LWP. The ratio of IWP to
An investigation of the relationship between emission and scattering signals in SSM/I
, 1998
"... To provide guidance for the development of satellite microwave rainfall-retrieval algorithms, the basic rela-tionships between emission and scattering signals in natural clouds must be understood. In this study, the relationship between two parameters observed from microwave satellite data—the polar ..."
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To provide guidance for the development of satellite microwave rainfall-retrieval algorithms, the basic rela-tionships between emission and scattering signals in natural clouds must be understood. In this study, the relationship between two parameters observed from microwave satellite data—the polarization difference at 19 GHz D and the polarization-corrected temperature PCT—is investigated over the global ocean on a monthly and 58 (lat) 3 58 (long) mean basis. Using data from January and July 1993, the occurrence frequencies and latitudinal variation and horizontal distribution of the D–PCT relationships are investigated. The D–PCT slope is studied by dividing the entire weather range into three regimes: nonprecipitation, light precipitation, and heavy precipitation. The analysis shows that small variation of PCT in the nonprecipitation regime could be achieved by employing a variable coefficient in the PCT definition equation. The slopes in the light precipitation regime are latitude dependent. Although the interpretation is inconclusive, it is felt that the differences in the fractional coverage and the rain layer depth in different latitudes is responsible for the latitudinal dependence. No clear latitudinal dependence of slopes in the heavy precipitation regime is found. The connection of the D–PCT relationship to the performances of an emission-based and a scattering-based rainfall algorithm are investigated using the Second WetNet Precipitation Intercomparison Project rainfall cases. The results of this study emphasize the necessity of incorporating the scattering signal in rainfall rate retrieval algorithms. Additionally, the D–PCT slope information can be used to help categorize precipitation types, which may be useful in determining the specific algorithm best used for a certain precipitation type and/or regime. 1.
CORRECTING FOR PRECIPITATION EFFECTS IN SATELLITE-BASED PASSIVE MICROWAVE TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY ESTIMATES
, 2005
"... Public reporting burden for this collection of Information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments ..."
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Public reporting burden for this collection of Information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this
The GSMaP Precipitation Retrieval Algorithm for Microwave Sounders-Part I: Over-Ocean Algorithm
"... Abstract-We develop an over-ocean rainfall retrieval algorithm for the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) based on the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) microwave radiometer algorithm. This algorithm combines an emissionbased estimate from brightness temperature (Tb) at 23 GHz ..."
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Abstract-We develop an over-ocean rainfall retrieval algorithm for the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) based on the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) microwave radiometer algorithm. This algorithm combines an emissionbased estimate from brightness temperature (Tb) at 23 GHz and a scattering-based estimate from Tb at 89 GHz, depending on a scattering index (SI) computed from Tb at both 89 and 150 GHz. Precipitation inhomogeneities are also taken into account. The GSMaP-retrieved rainfall from the AMSU (GSMaP_AMSU) is compared with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) standard algorithm (NOAA_AMSU)-retrieved data using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data as a reference. Rain rates retrieved by GSMaP_AMSU have better agreement with TRMM estimates over midlatitudes during winter. Better estimates over multitudes over winter are given by the use of Tb at 23 GHz in the GSMaP_AMSU algorithm. It was also shown that GSMaP_AMSU has higher rain detection than NOAA_AMSU. Index Terms-Microwave radiometer (MWR), microwave sounder, precipitation, rain-rate retrieval.
SEE PROFILE
, 2001
"... All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. ..."
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All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.
CORRECTING FOR PRECIPITATION EFFECTS IN SATELLITE-BASED PASSIVE MICROWAVE TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY ESTIMATES
, 2005
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Date Dedication
, 2013
"... To our God, the creator... The breath of God produces ice, and the broad waters become frozen. He loads the clouds with moisture; he scatters his lightning through them. At his direction they swirl around over the face of the whole earth to do whatever he commands them. He brings the clouds to punis ..."
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To our God, the creator... The breath of God produces ice, and the broad waters become frozen. He loads the clouds with moisture; he scatters his lightning through them. At his direction they swirl around over the face of the whole earth to do whatever he commands them. He brings the clouds to punish people, or to water his earth and show his love.
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
"... In order to achieve better understanding of the hydrological cycle and the distribution of global precipitation, various microwave satellite platforms have been launched in the past to allow significant advance in precipitation measurement from directly measuring microwave radiances and reflectivity ..."
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In order to achieve better understanding of the hydrological cycle and the distribution of global precipitation, various microwave satellite platforms have been launched in the past to allow significant advance in precipitation measurement from directly measuring microwave radiances and reflectivity from space. Nevertheless, ambiguities in precipitation estimation from the only use of sets of brightness temperature measurements could lead to significant error. These ambiguities can be reduced with the addition of complementary data sets that until this point have not been employed in retrieval algorithms. In this paper, the potential improvements to estimating precipitation that are possible by combining observed brightness temperature measurements with other available sources of information will be investigated. One way of passive microwave precipitation retrieval for the satellite-borne microwave radiometers is to be accomplished by the use of physical inversion-based algorithms, which uses Cloud Radiation Databases (CRDs). CRDs are composed of a large amount of vertical microphysical profiles, which are produced by various cloud
