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...ABA hypersensitivity or ABI-regulated GUS expression. These include ABA-hypersensitive1 (abh1) (Hugouvieux et al., 2001) and hypersensitivity conferred by overexpression of ABI transcription factors (=-=Parcy et al., 1994-=-; Brocard et al., 2002). Comparison of germination sensitivities to ABA and seedling morphology in these lines have shown that overexpression of ABI3 or ABI5 does not restore normal seedling growth in...

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...ws cellular maturation (Bonetta and McCourt, 1998). Despite the facts that the most prominent phenotype of the abi3 mutant is its reduced seed dormancy and the prevalent function of ABI3 is in seeds (=-=Parcy et al., 1994-=-), ABI3 is not seed specific (Rohde et al., 2000c). Processes during the vegetative and reproductive growth of Arabidopsis, such as flowering time, inflorescence morphology, and plastid differentiatio...

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... during late embryogenesis. Mutations in the AB13 locus cause reduced expression of storage protein and LEA genes in seed (Koorneef et al., 1989; Finkelstein and Sommerville, 1990; Finkelstein, 1993; =-=Parcy et al., 1994-=-). Mutations in the leafy cotyledon loci LEC7 and LECP and FUSCA3 also lead to abnormal phenotypes that may include reduced expression of storage protein and LEA genes (Nambaraet al., 1992; Baumlein e...

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...its maize orthologue VP1 causes leaf cells to take on a more embryonic pattern of gene expression in the presence of exogenous ABA, suggesting that this gene is a regulator of embryo differentiation (=-=Parcy et al., 1994-=-; Suzuki et al., 2001). Thus the change in ABA sensitivity resulting from genetic perturbations in ABI3 can be explained by a change in the developmental fate of the leaf cell rather than a change in ...

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... the present cDNA-AFLP study are covering the entire flax seed maturation stage. Indeed, ABI3 is one of the major transcription factors controlling maturation in Arabidopsis seeds (Ooms et al., 1993; =-=Parcy et al., 1994-=-, 1997; Nambara et al., 1995), expressed from the end of the embryo growth phase and remaining at a high expression level during the entire maturation stage (Raz et al., 2001). In the microscope obser...

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...ChIP quality of the antibody was demonstrated by its ability to enrich by up to 10-fold from immuno-precipitated chromatin, a promoter fragment of the ABI3 target gene AT2S3 (Supplementary Figure S4) =-=(15,35)-=-. The identification of genomic DNA fragments binding with ABI3 was achieved using both the SAP-promoter macroarray (41) and the Agilent 2x244K genome tiling arrays. The SAP array covers about one-thi...

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...AH transcripts were not modulated by either ABA or NAE (Figure 3, Table 3). The transcription factor ABI3 is considered to be a key regulator of the seed-to-seedling transition (Nambara et al., 1994; =-=Parcy et al., 1994-=-; Parcy and Giraudat, 1997); therefore, we conducted additional gene expression studies with ABI3 during NAE12:0-induced growth inhibition (Figure 4). Interestingly, ABI3 expression was associated inv...

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... locus viviparous7 (vp7) in maize (and its homolog in ABA-insensitive Arabidopsis [abi3]) are required for the embryo-specific expression of the Em gene (Marcotte et al., 1988; McCarty et al., 1991 ; =-=Parcy et al., 1994-=-; Rock and Quatrano, 1995). The ABA response element in the wheat Em promoter has been localized to a 76-bp segment (region 1) by a transient assay using rice protoplasts (Marcotte et al., 1988). Dele...

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...f SSPs. These regulatory genes are predominantly expressed in the seeds. When misexpressed in vegetative tissues, they are able to induce ectopic expression of the SSP genes and even somatic embryos (=-=Parcy et al., 1994-=-; Lotan et al., 1998; Stone et al., 2001; Gazzarrini et al., 2004; Kagaya et al., 2005a; Santos Mendoza et al., 2005; Braybrook et al., 2006). The nucleosome is the basic unit of chromatin and it is c...

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... HindIII and KpnI sites). This ‘RNAi fragment’ was then transferred in pART27 using the NotI cloning site. RNA handling RT-PCR: Total RNA was extracted from seeds using a phenol– chloroform protocol (=-=Parcy et al., 1994-=-). Total RNA was then cleaned using the ‘Clean Up’ protocol from the RNeasy kit (Qiagen). Reverse transcription was performed with the SuperscriptII enzyme (GibcoBRL), following the manufacturer’s ins...