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Preferred Answer Sets for Extended Logic Programs
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
, 1998
"... In this paper, we address the issue of how Gelfond and Lifschitz's answer set semantics for extended logic programs can be suitably modified to handle prioritized programs. In such programs an ordering on the program rules is used to express preferences. We show how this ordering can be used ..."
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Cited by 158 (20 self)
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In this paper, we address the issue of how Gelfond and Lifschitz's answer set semantics for extended logic programs can be suitably modified to handle prioritized programs. In such programs an ordering on the program rules is used to express preferences. We show how this ordering can be used to define preferred answer sets and thus to increase the set of consequences of a program. We define a strong and a weak notion of preferred answer sets. The first takes preferences more seriously, while the second guarantees the existence of a preferred answer set for programs possessing at least one answer set. Adding priorities
Logic Programming and Knowledge Representation - the A-Prolog perspective
- Artificial Intelligence
, 2002
"... In this paper we give a short introduction to logic programming approach to knowledge representation and reasoning. The intention is to help the reader to develop a 'feel' for the field's history and some of its recent developments. The discussion is mainly limited to logic programs u ..."
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Cited by 98 (2 self)
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In this paper we give a short introduction to logic programming approach to knowledge representation and reasoning. The intention is to help the reader to develop a 'feel' for the field's history and some of its recent developments. The discussion is mainly limited to logic programs under the answer set semantics. For understanding of approaches to logic programming build on well-founded semantics, general theories of argumentation, abductive reasoning, etc., the reader is referred to other publications.
Reconciling description logics and rules
, 2010
"... Description logics (DLs) and rules are formalisms that emphasize different aspects of knowledge representation: whereas DLs are focused on specifying and reasoning about conceptual knowledge, rules are focused on nonmonotonic inference. Many applications, however, require features of both DLs and ru ..."
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Cited by 81 (0 self)
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Description logics (DLs) and rules are formalisms that emphasize different aspects of knowledge representation: whereas DLs are focused on specifying and reasoning about conceptual knowledge, rules are focused on nonmonotonic inference. Many applications, however, require features of both DLs and rules. Developing a formalism that integrates DLs and rules would be a natural outcome of a large body of research in knowledge representation and reasoning of the last two decades; however, achieving this goal is very challenging and the approaches proposed thus far have not fully reached it. In this paper, we present a hybrid formalism of MKNF + knowledge bases, which integrates DLs and rules in a coherent semantic framework. Achieving seamless integration is nontrivial, since DLs use an open-world assumption, while the rules are based on a closed-world assumption. We overcome this discrepancy by basing the semantics of our formalism on the logic of minimal knowledge and negation as failure (MKNF) by Lifschitz. We present several algorithms for reasoning with MKNF + knowledge bases, each suitable to different kinds of rules, and establish tight complexity bounds.
Solving Advanced Reasoning Tasks using Quantified Boolean Formulas
, 2000
"... We consider the compilation of different reasoning tasks into the evaluation problem of quantified boolean formulas (QBFs) as an approach to develop prototype reasoning systems useful, e.g., for experimental purposes. ..."
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Cited by 72 (20 self)
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We consider the compilation of different reasoning tasks into the evaluation problem of quantified boolean formulas (QBFs) as an approach to develop prototype reasoning systems useful, e.g., for experimental purposes.
Declarative Problem-Solving Using the DLV System
"... The need for representing indefinite information led to disjunctive deductive databases, which also fertilized work on disjunctive logic programming. Based on this paradigm, the DLV system has been designed and implemented as a tool for declarative knowledge representation. In this paper, we focus o ..."
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Cited by 69 (27 self)
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The need for representing indefinite information led to disjunctive deductive databases, which also fertilized work on disjunctive logic programming. Based on this paradigm, the DLV system has been designed and implemented as a tool for declarative knowledge representation. In this paper, we focus on the usage of DLV for solving problems in a declarative manner and report on experiments that we have run on a suite of benchmark problems. We discuss how problems can be solved in a natural way using a "Guess&Check"-paradigm where solutions are guessed and verified by parts of the program. Furthermore, we describe various front-ends that can be used for solving problems in specific applications. The experiments show that due to the ongoing implementation efforts, which include fine-tuning of the underlying algorithms, successive and significant performance improvements have been achieved during the last two years. The results indicate that DLV is capable of solving some complex problems quite efficiently.
A Comparison of Reasoning Techniques for Querying Large Description Logic ABoxes
, 2006
"... Abstract. Many modern applications of description logics (DLs) require answering queries over large data quantities, structured according to relatively simple ontologies. For such applications, we conjectured that reusing ideas of deductive databases might improve scalability of DL systems. Hence, i ..."
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Cited by 68 (10 self)
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Abstract. Many modern applications of description logics (DLs) require answering queries over large data quantities, structured according to relatively simple ontologies. For such applications, we conjectured that reusing ideas of deductive databases might improve scalability of DL systems. Hence, in our previous work, we developed an algorithm for reducing a DL knowledge base to a disjunctive datalog program. To test our conjecture, we implemented our algorithm in a new DL reasoner KAON2, which we describe in this paper. Furthermore, we created a comprehensive test suite and used it to conduct a performance evaluation. Our results show that, on knowledge bases with large ABoxes but with simple TBoxes, our technique indeed shows good performance; in contrast, on knowledge bases with large and complex TBoxes, existing techniques still perform better. This allowed us to gain important insights into strengths and weaknesses of both approaches. 1
Representing Knowledge in A-Prolog
"... In this paper, we review some recent work on declarative logic programming languages based on stable models/answer sets semantics of logic programs. These languages, gathered together under the name of A-Prolog, can be used to represent various types of knowledge about the world. By way of example ..."
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Cited by 63 (2 self)
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In this paper, we review some recent work on declarative logic programming languages based on stable models/answer sets semantics of logic programs. These languages, gathered together under the name of A-Prolog, can be used to represent various types of knowledge about the world. By way of example we demonstrate how the corresponding representations together with inference mechanisms associated with A-Prolog can be used to solve various programming tasks.
Answer Sets
, 2007
"... This chapter is an introduction to Answer Set Prolog- a language for knowledge representation and reasoning based on the answer set/stable model semantics of logic programs [44, 45]. The language has roots in declarative programing [52, 65], the syntax and semantics of standard Prolog [24, 23], disj ..."
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Cited by 62 (5 self)
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This chapter is an introduction to Answer Set Prolog- a language for knowledge representation and reasoning based on the answer set/stable model semantics of logic programs [44, 45]. The language has roots in declarative programing [52, 65], the syntax and semantics of standard Prolog [24, 23], disjunctive databases [66, 67] and nonmonotonic logic
A Framework for Compiling Preferences in Logic Programs
- Theory and Practice of Logic Programming
, 2002
"... We introduce a methodology and framework for expressing general preference information in logic programming under the answer set semantics. An ordered logic program is an extended logic program in which rules are named by unique terms, and in which preferences among rules are given by a set of at ..."
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Cited by 58 (17 self)
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We introduce a methodology and framework for expressing general preference information in logic programming under the answer set semantics. An ordered logic program is an extended logic program in which rules are named by unique terms, and in which preferences among rules are given by a set of atoms of the form s t where s and t are names. An ordered logic program is transformed into a second, regular, extended logic program wherein the preferences are respected, in that the answer sets obtained in the transformed program correspond with the preferred answer sets of the original program. Our approach allows the specification of dynamic orderings, in which preferences can appear arbitrarily within a program. Static orderings (in which preferences are external to a logic program) are a trivial restriction of the general dynamic case. First, we develop a specific approach to reasoning with preferences, wherein the preference ordering specifies the order in which rules are to be applied. We then demonstrate the wide range of applicability of our framework by showing how other approaches, among them that of Brewka and Eiter, can be captured within our framework. Since the result of each of these transformations is an extended logic program, Affiliated with the School of Computing Science at Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.
Abduction in Well-Founded Semantics and Generalized Stable Models via Tabled Dual Programs
- THEORY AND PRACTICE OF LOGIC PROGRAMMING
, 2004
"... Abductive logic programming oers a formalism to declaratively express and solve problems in areas such as diagnosis, planning, belief revision and hypothetical reasoning. Tabled logic programming oers a computational mechanism that provides a level of declarativity superior to that of Prolog, and wh ..."
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Cited by 57 (41 self)
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Abductive logic programming oers a formalism to declaratively express and solve problems in areas such as diagnosis, planning, belief revision and hypothetical reasoning. Tabled logic programming oers a computational mechanism that provides a level of declarativity superior to that of Prolog, and which has supported successful applications in elds such as parsing, program analysis, and model checking. In this paper we show how to use tabled logic programming to evaluate queries to abductive frameworks with integrity constraints when these frameworks contain both default and explicit negation. The result is the ability to compute abduction over well-founded semantics with explicit negation and answer sets. Our approach consists of a transformation and an evaluation method. The transformation adjoins to each objective literal O in a program, an objective literal not(O) along with rules that ensure that not(O) will be true if and only if O is false. We call the resulting program a dual program. The evaluation method, Abdual, then operates on the dual program. Abdual is sound and complete for evaluating queries to abductive frameworks whose entailment method is based on either the well-founded semantics with explicit negation, or on answer sets. Further, Abdual is asymptotically as ecient as any known method for either class of problems. In addition, when abduction is not desired, Abdual operating on a dual program provides a novel tabling method for evaluating queries to ground extended programs whose complexity and termination properties are similar to those of the best tabling methods for the well-founded semantics. A publicly available meta-interpreter has been developed for Abdual using the XSB system.
