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...s translated to the virtual location equivalent (such as ‘work’) and passed on to the message engine, where the existence of relevant pending messages is checked. Reminders, to-do lists, email messages and Web content can be delivered to the different geographic locations. These are triggered when the user is in the appropriate context: physical location, date and time. 318 Ownership and Copyright # Springer-Verlag London Ltd 2002 Personal and Ubiquitous Computing (2002) 6:318–321 Most previous location-aware applications have used predefined content and/or predefined locations. Such as C-Map [3], CyberGuide [4], Metronaut [5] and City Guide [6]. In the StickePad project [7], neither the locations nor the content are predefined, however the content simply relates to a geographic location where the observations where taken. Back Seat Driver [8] had an inertial navigation system and a concept of a route. It did not learn the routes, rather, given a departure point and a destination, it would figure out a route and by means of a speech interface give the driver directions. It also had a model of the time it took to speak the relevant instructions, and would adapt its commands based on th...

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...o its user’s individual contexts, and to facilitate knowledge communications among communities by matchmaking users having shared interests and providing real and/or virtual places for their meeting=-=s [22]-=-. The followings show our scenario of knowledge communications using our system [23]. Tour navigation Users carry their own PalmGuide, hand-held guidance system, during the tour. PalmGuide manages its...

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...lected about giraffes within a Kenyan game reserve. On a smaller scale, several wearable and hand-held systems use location to deliver information about exhibits at a conference or museum [11], [12], =-=[13]-=-. Systems using physical context other than location have also been developed. The DyPERS system [14] also presents information about museum exhibits, but, instead of location, uses machine vision to ...

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... navigate visitors through exhibition sites such as museums, trade shows, and conferences, and to facilitate new encounters and knowledge sharing between visitors and exhibitors with shared interests =-=[17]-=-. The user of our system carries PalmGuide, a handheld guidance system, while touring an exhibition. A personal guide agent runs on PalmGuide and provides tour navigation information, such as exhibit ...

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... create a guide with personality and beliefs, to provide a more natural and engaging interaction during a tour visit, advancing the development of existing context-aware tourist guidance systems (eg. =-=[3, 4, 5]-=-, etc.). It addresses the frustration that usually occurs in the interaction with an emotionless computerised system that does not react intelligently to a user’s feelings. The Affective Guide is impl...

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... preferable because the system cannot estimate the condition of the user easily. Furthermore, signals from the user are an efficient method to estimate his or her condition. Many systems such as CMAP =-=[7]-=-, Location-Aware Shopping Assistance [8], and Cyberguide [9] have achieved interactive location-aware information services using high function terminals like PDA that have small displays and rich comm...