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37
Cloning and characterization of micro-RNAs from moss
- Plant J
, 2005
"... Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are one class of endogenous tiny RNAs that play important regulatory roles in plant development and responses to external stimuli. To date, miRNAs have been cloned from higher plants such as Arabidopsis, rice and pumpkin, and there is limited information on their identity in lowe ..."
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Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are one class of endogenous tiny RNAs that play important regulatory roles in plant development and responses to external stimuli. To date, miRNAs have been cloned from higher plants such as Arabidopsis, rice and pumpkin, and there is limited information on their identity in lower plants including Bryophytes. Bryophytes are among the oldest groups of land plants among the earth’s flora, and are important for our understanding of the transition to life on land. To identify miRNAs that might have played a role early in land plant evolution, we constructed a library of small RNAs from the juvenile gametophyte (protonema) of the moss Physcomitrella patens. Sequence analysis revealed five higher plant miRNA homologues, including three members of the miR319 family, previously shown to be involved in the regulation of leaf morphogenesis, and miR156, which has been suggested to regulate several members of the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING-LIKE (SPL) family in Arabidopsis. We have cloned PpSBP3, a moss SPL homologue that contains an miR156 complementary site, and demonstrated that its mRNA is cleaved within that site suggesting that it is an miR156 target in moss. Six additional candidate moss miRNAs were identified and shown to be expressed in the gametophyte, some of which were developmentally regulated or upregulated by auxin. Our observations suggest that miRNAs play important regulatory roles in mosses.
Plant microRNAs and development
- Int. J. Dev. Biol
, 2005
"... ABSTRACT MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as negative regulators of gene expression in eukaryotes, a discovery that has opened an expanding field of biological research. Plant miRNAs are known to repress gene expression posttranscriptionally, mainly by guiding cleavage but also by attenuating the translation ..."
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ABSTRACT MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as negative regulators of gene expression in eukaryotes, a discovery that has opened an expanding field of biological research. Plant miRNAs are known to repress gene expression posttranscriptionally, mainly by guiding cleavage but also by attenuating the translation of target transcripts. In addition, it has been shown that plant miRNAs can also act at the transcriptional level by directing the methylation of target chromosomal loci. Genetic and biochemical approaches are quickly broadening our knowledge of the biogenesis and function of plant miRNAs. Computational approaches have uncovered an unexpectedly large number of miRNAs and their targets in plants. The targets of plant miRNAs often belong to families of transcription factors involved in the control of developmental processes. We review the status of research in this dynamic field, summarizing recent advances in our understanding of the biogenesis and mechanism of action of plant miRNAs, as well as in the developmental processes they regulate.
REVIEW
"... The book is a collection of 25 essays by the author on various aspects of Internet culture, written between 1996 and 2001. The term Dark Fiber in the title of the book refers to unused fiber-optic cable laid in anticipation of future growth and commonly leased to individuals or companies who must pr ..."
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The book is a collection of 25 essays by the author on various aspects of Internet culture, written between 1996 and 2001. The term Dark Fiber in the title of the book refers to unused fiber-optic cable laid in anticipation of future growth and commonly leased to individuals or companies who must provide their own systems to make use of it. How this relates to the content of the book is left up to the reader to interpret. The reviewer’s interpretation is that culture, art, and political activism ride on the dark fiber of the Internet, whereas its backbone is dominated by mainstream media and the corporate agendas. Geert Lovink is a prominent figure in cyber culture and new media art, with the street wisdom of a former squatter, and a radical postmodern intellect, who has been active over a decade as founder of magazines, online community networks, temporary media labs and intellectual forums, organizer of conferences on media art, and book author. The core theme of the book is the impact of the Internet on social and political activism, alternative media, and the interplay among the corporate, technical, and social agendas. For example, in “Travelogues, ” essays focus on media arts and culture in countries such as Albania
Classification and quantification of leaf curvature
"... Various mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana deficient in polarity, cell division, and auxin response are characterized by certain types of leaf curvature. However, comparison of curvature for clarification of gene function can be difficult without a quantitative measurement of curvature. Here, a novel m ..."
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Various mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana deficient in polarity, cell division, and auxin response are characterized by certain types of leaf curvature. However, comparison of curvature for clarification of gene function can be difficult without a quantitative measurement of curvature. Here, a novel method for classification and quantification of leaf curvature is reported. Twenty-two mutant alleles from Arabidopsis mutants and transgenic lines deficient in leaf flatness were selected. The mutants were classified according to the direction, axis, position, and extent of leaf curvature. Based on a global measure of whole leaves and a local measure of four regions in the leaves, the curvature index (CI) was proposed to quantify the leaf curvature. The CI values accounted for the direction, axis, position, and extent of leaf curvature in all of the Arabidopsis mutants grown in growth chambers. Comparison of CI values between mutants reveals the spatial and temporal variations of leaf curvature, indicating the strength of the mutant alleles and the activities of the corresponding genes. Using the curvature indices, the extent of curvature in a complicated genetic background becomes quantitative and comparable, thus providing a useful tool for defining the genetic components of leaf development and to breed new varieties with leaf curvature desirable for the efficient capture of sunlight for photosynthesis and high yields.
LYRATE Is a Key Regulator of Leaflet Initiation and Lamina
"... This article is a Plant Cell Advance Online Publication. The date of its first appearance online is the official date of publication. The article has been ..."
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This article is a Plant Cell Advance Online Publication. The date of its first appearance online is the official date of publication. The article has been
Strigolactone and cytokinin act antagonistically in regulating rice mesocotyl elongation in darkness. Plant and Cell Physiology 55
, 2014
"... Strigolactones (SLs) are a group of phytohormones that con-trol plant growth and development including shoot branch-ing. Previous studies of the phenotypes of SL-related rice (Oryza sativa) dwarf (d) mutants demonstrated that SLs in-hibit mesocotyl elongation by controlling cell division. Here, we f ..."
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Strigolactones (SLs) are a group of phytohormones that con-trol plant growth and development including shoot branch-ing. Previous studies of the phenotypes of SL-related rice (Oryza sativa) dwarf (d) mutants demonstrated that SLs in-hibit mesocotyl elongation by controlling cell division. Here, we found that the expression of cytokinin (CK)-responsive type-A RESPONSE REGULATOR (RR) genes was higher in d10-1 and d14-1 mutants than in the wild type. However, CK levels in mesocotyls of the dmutants were not very different from those in the wild type. On the other hand, application of a synthetic CK (kinetin) enhanced mesocotyl elongation in the d mutants and the wild type. d10-1 and d14-1 meso-cotyls were more sensitive to CK than wild-type mesocotyls, suggesting that the up-regulation of the CK-responsive type-A RR genes and the higher elongation of mesocotyls in the d
Journal of Experimental Botany, Page 1 of 11
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"... This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Plant Signaling & Behavior on 2011, available online: ..."
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This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Plant Signaling & Behavior on 2011, available online:
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"... Organ morphogenesis largely relies on cell division and elongation, which need to be both coordinated between cells and orchestrated with cytoskeleton dynamics. However, components that bridge the biological signals and the effectors that define cell shape remain poorly described. We have addressed ..."
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Organ morphogenesis largely relies on cell division and elongation, which need to be both coordinated between cells and orchestrated with cytoskeleton dynamics. However, components that bridge the biological signals and the effectors that define cell shape remain poorly described. We have addressed this issue through the functional characterisation of QUIRKY (QKY), previously isolated as being involved in the STRUBBELIG (SUB) genetic pathway that controls cell-cell communication and organ morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. QKY encodes a protein containing multiple C2 domains and transmembrane regions, and SUB encodes an atypical LRR-receptor-like kinase. We show that twisting of the gynoecium observed in qky results from the abnormal division pattern and anisotropic growth of clustered cells arranged sporadically along the gynoecium. Moreover, the cortical microtubule (CMT) network of these cells is disorganised. A cross to botero, a katanin mutant in which the normal orientation of CMTs and anisotropic cell expansion are impaired, strongly reduces silique deviation, reinforcing the hypothesis of a role for QKY in CMT-mediated cell growth anisotropy. We also show that QKY is localised at the plasma membrane and functions in a multiprotein complex that includes SUB and PAL OF QUIRKY (POQ), a previously uncharacterised PB1-domain-containing protein that localises both at the plasma membrane and in intracellular compartments. Our data indicate that QKY and its interactors play central roles linking together cell-cell communication and cellular growth.
