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Fuzzy differential inclusions in atmospheric and medical cybernetics
- IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern. B, Cybern
, 2004
"... Abstract—Uncertainty management in dynamical systems is re-ceiving attention in artificial intelligence, particularly in the fields of qualitative and model based reasoning. Fuzzy dynamical sys-tems occupy a very important position in the class of uncertain systems. It is well established that the f ..."
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Abstract—Uncertainty management in dynamical systems is re-ceiving attention in artificial intelligence, particularly in the fields of qualitative and model based reasoning. Fuzzy dynamical sys-tems occupy a very important position in the class of uncertain systems. It is well established that the fuzzy dynamical systems represented by a set of fuzzy differential inclusions (FDI) are very convenient tools for modeling and simulation of various uncertain systems. In this paper, we discuss about the mathematical mod-eling of two very complex natural phenomena by means of FDIs. One of them belongs to the atmospheric cybernetics (the term has been used in a broad sense) of the genesis of a cyclonic storm (cy-clogenesis), and the other belongs to the bio-medical cybernetics of the evolution of tumor in a human body. Since a discussion of the former already appears in a previous paper by the first author, here, we present very briefly a theoretical formalism of cyclone for-mation. On the other hand, we treat the latter system more elabo-rately. We solve the FDIs with the help of an algorithm developed in this paper to numerically simulate the mathematical models. From the simulation results thus obtained, we have drawn a number of interesting conclusions, which have been verified, and this vindi-cates the validity of our models. Index Terms—Carcinogenesis, cybernetics, cyclogenesis, fuzzy differential inclusions, fuzzy dynamical systems. I.
A mathematical model of the nascent cyclone
- IEEE Int. Geosci. Remote Sensing
, 2003
"... Abstract—In this letter, we have proposed a mathematical modeling of a disturbance created by winds coming from different directions and colliding to give rise to a vortex under certain conditions. Under favorable conditions, this vortex may lead to the development of a cyclonic storm (cyclogenesis) ..."
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Abstract—In this letter, we have proposed a mathematical modeling of a disturbance created by winds coming from different directions and colliding to give rise to a vortex under certain conditions. Under favorable conditions, this vortex may lead to the development of a cyclonic storm (cyclogenesis). Index Terms—Fuzzy systems, meteorology, simulation, storms, terrestrial atmoshpere, tropical regions.
1 The Atmospheric Vortex Engine.
"... Abstract- Mechanical energy is produced when heat is carried upward by convection in the atmosphere. An atmospheric vortex engine (AVE) uses an artificially created anchored tornado like vortex to capture the mechanical energy produced during upward heat convection. The vortex is created by admittin ..."
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Abstract- Mechanical energy is produced when heat is carried upward by convection in the atmosphere. An atmospheric vortex engine (AVE) uses an artificially created anchored tornado like vortex to capture the mechanical energy produced during upward heat convection. The vortex is created by admitting warm or humid air tangentially into the base of a circular wall. The heat source can be solar energy, warm sea water, warm humid air or waste industrial heat. There is no need for solar collectors; the heat collector is the earth’s surface in its natural state. The AVE has the same thermodynamic basis as the solar chimney except that the physical chimney is replaced by centrifugal force in a vortex and that the solar collector is replaced by the earth’s surface in its unaltered state. The mechanical energy is produced in peripheral turbo-generators. The AVE has a large energy production potential and could alleviate global warming by reducing the quantity of fuel required to meet energy needs. An AVE would increase the efficiency of a thermal power plant by reducing its cold source temperature from the temperature at the bottom of the troposphere to the temperature of the tropopause. The AVE process could remediate global warming by lifting heat above greenhouse gases so that the heat can be more easily radiated to space.
The Mechanical Energy Input to the Ocean Induced by Tropical Cyclones
, 2007
"... Wind stress and tidal dissipation are the most important sources of mechanical energy for maintaining the oceanic general circulation. The contribution of mechanical energy due to tropical cyclones can be a vitally important factor in regulating the oceanic general circulation and its variability. H ..."
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Wind stress and tidal dissipation are the most important sources of mechanical energy for maintaining the oceanic general circulation. The contribution of mechanical energy due to tropical cyclones can be a vitally important factor in regulating the oceanic general circulation and its variability. However, previous esti-mates of wind stress energy input were based on low-resolution wind stress data in which strong nonlinear events, such as tropical cyclones, were smoothed out. Using a hurricane–ocean coupled model constructed from an axisymmetric hurricane model and a three-layer ocean model, the rate of energy input to the world’s oceans induced by tropical cyclones over the period from 1984 to 2003 was estimated. The energy input is estimated as follows: 1.62 TW to the surface waves and 0.10 TW to the surface currents (including 0.03 TW to the near-inertial motions). The rate of gravitational potential energy increase due to tropical cyclones is 0.05 TW. Both the energy input from tropical cyclones and the increase of gravitational potential energy of the ocean show strong interannual and decadal variability with an increasing rate of 16 % over the past 20 years. The annual mean diapycnal upwelling induced by tropical cyclones over the past 20 years is estimated as 39 Sv (Sv 106 m3 s1). Owing to tropical cyclones, diapycnal mixing in the upper ocean (below the mixed layer) is greatly enhanced. Within the regimes of strong activity of tropical cyclones, the increase of diapycnal diffusivity is on the order of (1 6) 104 m2 s1. The tropical cyclone–related energy input and diapycnal mixing may play an important role in climate variability, ecology, fishery, and environments. 1.
CORRECTING FOR PRECIPITATION EFFECTS IN SATELLITE-BASED PASSIVE MICROWAVE TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY ESTIMATES
, 2005
"... Public reporting burden for this collection of Information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments ..."
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Public reporting burden for this collection of Information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this
CORRECTING FOR PRECIPITATION EFFECTS IN SATELLITE-BASED PASSIVE MICROWAVE TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY ESTIMATES
, 2005
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"... The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks to my advisor James Elsner, without his guidance none of this would be possible. Thank you to my other advisors Tom Jagger and Tony Stallins for their wonderful advice and h ..."
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The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks to my advisor James Elsner, without his guidance none of this would be possible. Thank you to my other advisors Tom Jagger and Tony Stallins for their wonderful advice and help. Finally thank you to Kam-biu Liu from Louisiana State University for providing the historical data used in this study.
A Numerical Investigation of Land Surface Water on Landfalling Hurricanes
, 2000
"... Little is known about the effects of surface water over land on the decay of landfalling hurricanes. This study, using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory hurricane model, examines the surface temperature changes due to hurricane–land surface wat ..."
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Little is known about the effects of surface water over land on the decay of landfalling hurricanes. This study, using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory hurricane model, examines the surface temperature changes due to hurricane–land surface water interactions, and their effects on the surface heat fluxes, hurricane structure, and intensity. Different water depths and surface conditions are incorporated for a variety of experiments starting with a hurricane bogus embedded in a uniform easterly mean flow of 5ms�1. A salient feature of hurricane–land surface water interaction is the local surface cooling near the hurricane core with the largest cooling behind and on the right side of the hurricane center. Unlike the surface cooling due to hurricane–ocean interaction, the largest cooling in hurricane–land surface water interaction can be much closer to the hurricane core. Without solar radiation during night, the surface evaporation dominates the local surface cooling. This causes a surface temperature contrast between the core area and its environment. During the day, the surface temperature contrast is enhanced due to additional influence from the reduced solar radiation under the core. Related to the local surface cooling, there is a significant reduction of surface evaporation with a near cutoff behind the hurricane center. A layer of half-meter water can noticeably reduce landfall decay although the local surface temperature around the hurricane core region is more than 4�C lower than in its environment. Further experiments indicate that an increase of roughness reduces the surface winds but barely changes the surface temperature and evaporation patterns and their magnitudes since the increase of roughness also increases the efficiency of surface evaporation. 1.
Hypercanes Following the Genesis Flood
"... If the geologic processes of the Genesis Flood were as catastrophic as biblical and scientific evidence suggests, the oceans would have been strongly heated by the release of magma from the mantle and the conversion of geologic work to heat. During and following the Flood, tremendous quantities of h ..."
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If the geologic processes of the Genesis Flood were as catastrophic as biblical and scientific evidence suggests, the oceans would have been strongly heated by the release of magma from the mantle and the conversion of geologic work to heat. During and following the Flood, tremendous quantities of heat and water vapor would have been released into the atmosphere from the oceans. Local weather and global climate would have been dramatically altered for many years. Kerry Emanuel of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology suggests that hurricanes would intensify beyond normally observed intensities today if they existed over unusually warm water for extended periods of time. He calls these hurricanes, which could have horizontal winds exceeding 300 mph, hypercanes. They can be simulated in numerical mesoscale meteorology models when the sea-surface temperature is increased to temperatures warmer than about 30 °C. This paper will explore the rate of development and intensity to which such hurricanes can reach when sea-surface temperatures are warmer than typically observed today. The amplification of Florence, a weak hurricane which formed in the Gulf of Mexico and moved northward toward New Orleans in 1988, is simulated by artificially setting the sea-surface temperature over a large area of the Gulf to 45 °C, about
