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69
Economics language and assumptions: How theories can become self-fulfilling
- Academy of Management Review
, 2005
"... Accepted for publication in the Academy of Management Review. The authors gratefully ..."
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Cited by 104 (3 self)
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Accepted for publication in the Academy of Management Review. The authors gratefully
Toward an integrative social identity model of collective action: A quantitative research synthesis of three socio-psychological perspectives
- Psychological Bulletin
, 2008
"... An integrative social identity model of collective action (SIMCA) is developed that incorporates 3 socio-psychological perspectives on collective action. Three meta-analyses synthesized a total of 182 effects of perceived injustice, efficacy, and identity on collective action (corresponding to these ..."
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Cited by 53 (2 self)
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An integrative social identity model of collective action (SIMCA) is developed that incorporates 3 socio-psychological perspectives on collective action. Three meta-analyses synthesized a total of 182 effects of perceived injustice, efficacy, and identity on collective action (corresponding to these socio-psychological perspectives). Results showed that, in isolation, all 3 predictors had medium-sized (and causal) effects. Moreover, results showed the importance of social identity in predicting collective action by supporting SIMCA’s key predictions that (a) affective injustice and politicized identity produced stronger effects than those of non-affective injustice and non-politicized identity; (b) identity predicted collective action against both incidental and structural disadvantages, whereas injustice and efficacy predicted collective action against incidental disadvantages better than against structural disadvantages; (c) all 3 predictors had unique medium-sized effects on collective action when controlling for between-predictor covariance; and (d) identity bridged the injustice and efficacy explanations of collective action. Results also showed more support for SIMCA than for alternative models reflecting previous attempts at theoretical integration. The authors discuss key implications for theory, practice, future research, and further integration of social and psychological perspectives on collective action.
On the nature and importance of cultural tightness-looseness
- ESM in Cross-Cultural Research 23
, 2006
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Bayesian Fundamentalism or Enlightenment? On the explanatory status and theoretical contributions of Bayesian models of cognition
- Behavioral and Brain Sciences
, 2011
"... To be published in Behavioral and Brain Sciences (in press) ..."
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Cited by 43 (1 self)
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To be published in Behavioral and Brain Sciences (in press)
A Metaphor-Enriched Social Cognition
"... Social cognition is the scientific study of the cognitive events underlying social thought and attitudes. Currently, the field’s prevailing theoretical perspectives are the traditional schema view and embodied cognition theories. Despite important differences, these perspectives share the seemingly ..."
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Cited by 37 (2 self)
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Social cognition is the scientific study of the cognitive events underlying social thought and attitudes. Currently, the field’s prevailing theoretical perspectives are the traditional schema view and embodied cognition theories. Despite important differences, these perspectives share the seemingly uncontroversial notion that people interpret and evaluate a given social stimulus using knowledge about similar stimuli. However, research in cognitive linguistics (e.g., Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) suggests that people construe the world in large part through conceptual metaphors, which enable them to understand abstract concepts using knowledge of superficially dissimilar, typically more concrete concepts. Drawing on these perspectives, we propose that social cognition can and should be enriched by an explicit recognition that conceptual metaphor is a unique cognitive mechanism that shapes social thought and attitudes. To advance this metaphor-enriched perspective, we introduce the metaphoric transfer strategy as a means of empirically assessing whether metaphors influence social information processing in ways that are distinct from the operation of schemas alone. We then distinguish conceptual metaphor from embodied simulation—the mechanism posited by embodied cognition theories—and introduce the alternate source strategy as a means of empirically teasing apart these mechanisms. Throughout, we buttress our claims with empirical evidence of the influence of metaphors on a wide range of social psychological phenomena. We outline directions for future research on the strength and direction of metaphor use in social information processing. Finally, we mention specific benefits of a metaphor-enriched perspective for integrating and generating social cognitive research and for bridging social cognition with neighboring fields.
Motivation
- HANDBOOK OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY (5TH ED., PP. 268-316). NEW YORK: WILEY. CHAPTER 8
, 2010
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Exploring the Psychological Underpinnings of the Moral Mandate Effect: Motivated Reasoning, Group Differentiation, or Anger?
"... When people have strong moral convictions about outcomes, their judgments of both outcome and procedural fairness become driven more by whether outcomes support or oppose their moral mandates than by whether procedures are proper or improper (the moral mandate effect). Two studies tested 3 explanati ..."
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Cited by 24 (4 self)
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When people have strong moral convictions about outcomes, their judgments of both outcome and procedural fairness become driven more by whether outcomes support or oppose their moral mandates than by whether procedures are proper or improper (the moral mandate effect). Two studies tested 3 explanations for the moral mandate effect. In particular, people with moral mandates may (a) have a greater motivation to seek out procedural flaws when outcomes fail to support their moral point of view (the motivated reasoning hypothesis), (b) be influenced by in-group distributive biases as a result of identifying with parties that share rather than oppose their moral point of view (the group differentiation hypothesis), or (c) react with anger when outcomes are inconsistent with their moral point of view, which, in turn, colors perceptions of both outcomes and procedures (the anger hypothesis). Results support the anger hypothesis.
Biculturalism. A model of the effects of second-culture exposure on acculturation and integrative complexity
- Journal of cross-cultural psychology
, 2006
"... Growing numbers of people are being exposed to a second culture, yet the process by which individuals absorb a cultural identity and the role played by second-culture exposure in shaping sociocognitive skills have received little theoretical attention. This article begins to fill these knowledge gap ..."
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Cited by 22 (0 self)
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Growing numbers of people are being exposed to a second culture, yet the process by which individuals absorb a cultural identity and the role played by second-culture exposure in shaping sociocognitive skills have received little theoretical attention. This article begins to fill these knowledge gaps by delineating the factors that affect the adoption of specific acculturation strategies and focusing on the power of second-culture exposure to stimulate integratively complex cognitions that give people the flexibility to shift rapidly from one cultural meaning system to another. We propose a model, influenced by prior work on value pluralism and accountability, which outlines the underlying mechanisms that determine accultura-tion choice and that produce both individual difference and situational variation in integrative complexity of social functioning. Implications for expatriate performance are discussed.
Of Different Minds: An Accessible Identity Model of Justice Reasoning
- Personality and Social Psychology Review
"... An accessible identity model (AIM) of justice reasoning is introduced to explain when people become concerned about justice and how they define what is fair or unfair once justice concerns are activated. This model has two core propositions: (a) People are most likely to think about justice and fair ..."
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Cited by 21 (2 self)
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An accessible identity model (AIM) of justice reasoning is introduced to explain when people become concerned about justice and how they define what is fair or unfair once justice concerns are activated. This model has two core propositions: (a) People are most likely to think about justice and fairness when self-relevant values and goals are highly accessible or activated, and (b) how people define fairness depends on which as-pect of the self (i.e., material, social, or personal and moral) dominates the working self-concept. A review of the literature indicates that this general model provides an in-tegrative account for when and how people become concerned about both procedural and distributive justice, and provides a cogent explanation for known effects and results previously thought to be anomalies. Finally, the model generates novel hypotheses abouthowidentity threatmayleadtomotivatedperceptionsof fairnessorunfairness. Sometimes people think about and express their concerns in terms of what is just or fair in a given situa-tion. Other times, they ignore justice concerns. To date, we have not developed very sophisticated ways of un-
7 Free Will Is Un-natural
"... The history of social psychology, and especially its subfield of social cognition, is replete with surprising findings of complex judgmental and behavioral phenomena that operate outside of conscious awareness and even intention (Wegner & Bargh, 1998). Yet the surprising nature of these findings ..."
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Cited by 15 (1 self)
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The history of social psychology, and especially its subfield of social cognition, is replete with surprising findings of complex judgmental and behavioral phenomena that operate outside of conscious awareness and even intention (Wegner & Bargh, 1998). Yet the surprising nature of these findings comes no longer from their relative infrequency, for they have become all too commonplace in the research literature. Instead, the surprise comes from the continuing overarching assumption of the field regarding the primacy of conscious will. Based most likely on our (i.e., research psychologists’) own subjective experience as human beings, the early process models of each new phenomenon tend to start with the assumption of a major role played by conscious choice and decisions, intention and awareness, in producing the phenomenon in question. Then further findings start coming in showing that, “surprisingly, ” much of the phenomenon can be explained without need of stages or steps involving conscious intention or awareness. In the rest of the natural sciences, especially evolutionary biology and neuroscience, the assumption of conscious primacy is not nearly as prevalent as it is in psychology. Thus one goal for the present chapter is to help bring psychology more in line with the rest of the natural sciences, in which complex and highly intelligent design in living things is not assumed to be driven by conscious, intentional processes on the part of the plant or animal, but instead by “blind”
