Tactics-based remote execution for mobile computing. In MobiSys (2003)

by R K Balan, M Satyanarayanan, S Y Park, T Okoshi
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Maui: Making smartphones last longer with code offload

by Eduardo Cuervo, Aruna Balasubramanian, Dae-ki Cho, Alec Wolman, Stefan Saroiu, Ranveer Ch, Paramvir Bahl - In In Proceedings of ACM MobiSys , 2010
"... This paper presents MAUI, a system that enables fine-grained energy-aware offload of mobile code to the infrastructure. Previous approaches to these problems either relied heavily on programmer support to partition an application, or they were coarse-grained requiring full process (or full VM) migra ..."
Abstract - Cited by 246 (8 self) - Add to MetaCart
This paper presents MAUI, a system that enables fine-grained energy-aware offload of mobile code to the infrastructure. Previous approaches to these problems either relied heavily on programmer support to partition an application, or they were coarse-grained requiring full process (or full VM) migration. MAUI uses the benefits of a managed code environment to offer the best of both worlds: it supports fine-grained code offload to maximize energy savings with minimal burden on the programmer. MAUI decides at runtime which methods should be remotely executed, driven by an optimization engine that achieves the best energy savings possible under the mobile device’s current connectivity constrains. In our evaluation, we show that MAUI enables: 1) a resource-intensive face recognition application that consumes an order of magnitude less energy, 2) a latency-sensitive arcade game application that doubles its refresh rate, and 3) a voice-based language translation application that bypasses the limitations of the smartphone environment by executing unsupported components remotely.
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Predictive Resource Management for Wearable Computing

by Dushyanth Narayanan, M. Satyanarayanan - Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys , 2003
"... Achieving crisp interactive response in resource-intensive applications such as augmented reality, language translation, and speech recognition is a major challenge on resource-poor wearable hardware. In this paper we describe a solution based on multi-fidelity computation supported by predictive re ..."
Abstract - Cited by 53 (7 self) - Add to MetaCart
Achieving crisp interactive response in resource-intensive applications such as augmented reality, language translation, and speech recognition is a major challenge on resource-poor wearable hardware. In this paper we describe a solution based on multi-fidelity computation supported by predictive resource management. We show that such an approach can substantially reduce both the mean and the variance of response time. On a benchmark representative of augmented reality, we demonstrate a 60 % reduction in mean latency and a 30 % reduction in the coefficient of variation. We also show that a history-based approach to demand prediction is the key to this performance improvement. 1

Simplifying cyber foraging for mobile devices

by Rajesh Krishna Balan, Darren Gergle, Mahadev Satyanarayanan, James Herbsleb , 2005
"... Cyber foraging is the transient and opportunistic use of compute servers by mobile devices. The short market life of such devices makes rapid modification of applications for remote execution an important problem. We describe a solution that combines a “little language ” for cyber foraging with an a ..."
Abstract - Cited by 49 (10 self) - Add to MetaCart
Cyber foraging is the transient and opportunistic use of compute servers by mobile devices. The short market life of such devices makes rapid modification of applications for remote execution an important problem. We describe a solution that combines a “little language ” for cyber foraging with an adaptive runtime system. We report results from a user study showing that even novice developers are able to successfully modify large, unfamiliar applications in just a few hours. We also show that the quality of novice-modified and expert-modified applications are comparable in most cases.
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A Lightweight Secure Cyber Foraging Infrastructure for Resource-Constrained Devices

by Sachin Goyal, John Carter , 2004
"... Resource-constrained embedded and mobile devices are becoming increasingly common. Cyber foraging, which allows such devices to offload computation to less resourceconstrained surrogate machines, enables new and interesting applications for these devices. In this paper we describe a surrogate infras ..."
Abstract - Cited by 45 (3 self) - Add to MetaCart
Resource-constrained embedded and mobile devices are becoming increasingly common. Cyber foraging, which allows such devices to offload computation to less resourceconstrained surrogate machines, enables new and interesting applications for these devices. In this paper we describe a surrogate infrastructure based on virtual machine technology that allows resource-constrainted devices to utilize a surrogate's compute, network, and storage resources. After describing the design of our surrogate infrastructure, we demonstrate how it can be used to support real-time speech recognition and a synthetic web services application. Using a surrogate reduces the response time of speech recognition by a factor of 200 while reducing the energy drain on the client device by a factor of 60. Using a surrogate reduces the response time and energy drain on the client by factors of 21 and 25, respectively, for the web services application. 1.

Towards an Elastic Application Model for Augmenting Computing Capabilities of Mobile Platforms

by Xinwen Zhang, Sangoh Jeong, Anugeetha Kunjithapatham, Simon Gibbs - In Third International ICST Conference on Mobile Wireless Middleware, Operating Systems, and Applications , 2010
"... Abstract. We propose a new elastic application model that enables the seamless and transparent use of cloud resources to augment the capability of resourceconstrained mobile devices. The salient features of this model include the partition of a single application into multiple components called webl ..."
Abstract - Cited by 42 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract. We propose a new elastic application model that enables the seamless and transparent use of cloud resources to augment the capability of resourceconstrained mobile devices. The salient features of this model include the partition of a single application into multiple components called weblets, and a dynamic adaptation of weblet execution configuration. While a weblet can be platform independent (e.g., Java or.Net bytecode or Python script) or platform dependent (native code), its execution location is transparent – it can be run on a mobile device or migrated to the cloud, i.e., run on one or more nodes offered by an IaaS provider. Thus, an elastic application can augment the capabilities of a mobile device including computation power, storage, and network bandwidth, with the light of dynamic execution configuration according to device’s status including CPU load, memory, battery level, network connection quality, and user preferences. This paper presents the motivations, concepts, typical elasticity patterns, and cost consideration of elastic applications. We validate the augmentation capabilities with an implemented reference architecture and example applications. 1
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Slingshot: Deploying Stateful Services in Wireless Hotspots

by Ya-yunn Su, Jason Flinn - In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services , 2005
"... Given a sufficiently good network connection, even a handheld computer can run extremely resource-intensive applications by executing the demanding portions on a remote server. At first glance, the increasingly ubiquitous deployment of wireless hotspots seems to offer the connectivity needed for rem ..."
Abstract - Cited by 40 (7 self) - Add to MetaCart
Given a sufficiently good network connection, even a handheld computer can run extremely resource-intensive applications by executing the demanding portions on a remote server. At first glance, the increasingly ubiquitous deployment of wireless hotspots seems to offer the connectivity needed for remote execution. However, we show that the backhaul connection from the hotspot to the Internet can be a prohibitive bottleneck for interactive applications. To eliminate this bottleneck, we propose a new architecture, called Slingshot, that replicates remote application state on surrogate computers co-located with wireless access points. The first-class replica of each application executes on a remote server owned by the handheld user; this offers a safe haven for application state in the event of surrogate failure. Slingshot deploys secondclass replicas on nearby surrogates to improve application response time. A proxy on the handheld broadcasts each application request to all replicas and returns the first response it receives. We have modified a speech recognizer and a remote desktop to use Slingshot. Our results show that these applications execute 2.6 times faster with Slingshot than with remote execution. 1
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Odessa: Enabling Interactive Perception Applications on Mobile Devices ∗

by Moo-ryong Ra, Anmol Sheth, Lily Mummert, Padmanabhan Pillai, David Wetherall, Ramesh Govindan
"... Resource constrained mobile devices need to leverage computation on nearby servers to run responsive applications that recognize objects, people, or gestures from real-time video. The two key questions that impact performance are what computation to offload, and how to structure the parallelism acro ..."
Abstract - Cited by 37 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
Resource constrained mobile devices need to leverage computation on nearby servers to run responsive applications that recognize objects, people, or gestures from real-time video. The two key questions that impact performance are what computation to offload, and how to structure the parallelism across the mobile device and server. To answer these questions, we develop and evaluate three interactive perceptual applications. We find that offloading and parallelism choices should be dynamic, even for a given application, as performance depends on scene complexity as well as environmental factors such as the network and device capabilities. To this end we develop Odessa, a novel, lightweight, runtime that automatically and adaptively makes offloading and parallelism decisions for mobile interactive perception applications. Our evaluation shows that the incremental greedy strategy of Odessa converges to an operating point that is close to an ideal offline partitioning. It provides more than a 3x improvement in application performance over partitioning suggested by domain experts. Odessa works well across a variety of execution environments, and is agile to changes in the network, device and application inputs.
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Mobile computing: the next decade

by Mahadev Satyanarayanan - In Proc of MCS , 2010
"... “Information at your fingertips anywhere, anytime” has been the driving vision of mobile computing for the past two decades. Through relentless pursuit of this vision, spurring innovations in wireless technology, ..."
Abstract - Cited by 34 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
“Information at your fingertips anywhere, anytime” has been the driving vision of mobile computing for the past two decades. Through relentless pursuit of this vision, spurring innovations in wireless technology,
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Design and implementation of a single system image operating system for ad hoc networks

by Hongzhou Liu, Tom Roeder, Kevin Walsh, Rimon Barr, Emin Gün Sirer - In MobiSys , 2005
"... In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a distributed operating system for ad hoc networks. Our system simplifies the programming of ad hoc networks and extends total system lifetime by making the entire network appear as a single virtual machine. It automatically and transparent ..."
Abstract - Cited by 32 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a distributed operating system for ad hoc networks. Our system simplifies the programming of ad hoc networks and extends total system lifetime by making the entire network appear as a single virtual machine. It automatically and transparently partitions applications into components and dynamically finds them a placement on nodes within the network to reduce energy consumption and to increase system longevity. This paper describes our programming model, outlines the design and implementation of our system and examines the energy efficiency of our approach through extensive simulations as well as validation of a deployment on a physical testbed. We evaluate practical, power-aware, general-purpose algorithms for component placement and migration, and demonstrate that they can significantly increase system longevity by effectively distributing energy consumption and avoiding hotspots. 1
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NWSLite: A Light-Weight Prediction Utility for Mobile Devices

by Selim Gurun, Chandra Krintz, Rich Wolski , 2004
"... Computation off-loading, i.e., remote execution, has been shown to be effective for extending the computational power and battery life of resource-restricted devices, e.g., hand-held, wearable, and pervasive computers. Remote execution systems must predict the cost of executing both locally and remo ..."
Abstract - Cited by 29 (5 self) - Add to MetaCart
Computation off-loading, i.e., remote execution, has been shown to be effective for extending the computational power and battery life of resource-restricted devices, e.g., hand-held, wearable, and pervasive computers. Remote execution systems must predict the cost of executing both locally and remotely to determine when offloading will be most beneficial. These costs however, are dependent upon the execution behavior of the task being considered and the highly-variable performance of the underlying resources, e.g., CPU (local and remote), bandwidth, and network latency. As such, remote execution systems must employ sophisticated, prediction techniques that accurately guide computation off-loading. Moreover, these techniques must be efficient, i.e., they cannot consume significant resources, e.g., energy, execution time, etc., since they are performed on the mobile device.