Results 1 -
8 of
8
Physical Review A
, 2001
"... The selective orexin receptor 1 antagonist ACT-335827 in a rat model of diet-induced obesity associated with metabolic syndrome ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 1 (1 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
The selective orexin receptor 1 antagonist ACT-335827 in a rat model of diet-induced obesity associated with metabolic syndrome
An Arousal-Based Neural Model of Infant Attachment
"... Abstract-We develop an arousal-based neural model of infant attachment using a deep learning architecture. We show how our model can differentiate between attachment classifications during strange situation-like separation and reunion episodes, in terms of both signalling behaviour and patterns of ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Abstract-We develop an arousal-based neural model of infant attachment using a deep learning architecture. We show how our model can differentiate between attachment classifications during strange situation-like separation and reunion episodes, in terms of both signalling behaviour and patterns of autonomic arousal, according to the sensitivity of previous interaction.
Neuron s c i m g e
"... disorder (ADHD). Curiosity is thought of as the noblest of human drives but is commonly denigrated as dangerous (as in the and psychology of curiosity. We consider this diversity of definitions to be both character-istic of a nascent field and healthy. Here we consider some and Smith, 1903). From th ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
disorder (ADHD). Curiosity is thought of as the noblest of human drives but is commonly denigrated as dangerous (as in the and psychology of curiosity. We consider this diversity of definitions to be both character-istic of a nascent field and healthy. Here we consider some and Smith, 1903). From these data, they describe children’s pro-One factor that has hindered the development of a formal study of curiosity is the lack of a single widely accepted definition of the term. In particular, many observers think that curiosity is a ‘‘curiosity proper’ ’ at around the fifth month. The history of studies of animal curiosity is nearly as long as the history of the study of human curiosity. Ivan Pavlov, forspecial type of the broader category of information-seeking. But carving out a formal distinction between curiosity and infor-example, wrote about the spontaneous orienting behavior in dogs to novel stimuli (which he called the ‘‘what-is-it?’ ’ reflex)Definition and Taxonomy of Curiosity gression through four stages of development, starting with ‘‘passive staring’ ’ as early as the second week of life throughexpression ‘‘curiosity killed the cat’’). Despite its link with the most abstract human thoughts, some rudimentary forms of it can be observed even in the humble worm C. elegans. Despite its pervasiveness, we lack even the most basic integrative theory of the basis, mechanisms, and purpose of cu-riosity. Nonetheless, as a psychological phenomenon, curios-ity—and the desire for information more broadly—has attracted the interest of the biggest names in the history of psychology (e.g., James, 1913; Pavlov, 1927; Skinner, 1938). Despite this in-terest, only recently have psychologists and neuroscientists begun widespread and coordinated efforts to unlock its mys-teries (e.g., Gottlieb et al., 2013; Gruber et al., 2014; Kang et al., 2009). This Perspective aims to summarize this recent research, motivate new interest in the problem, and tentatively propose a framework for future studies of the neuroscience classic views with an aim toward helping us think about how to study curiosity in the future.
nDo y Aversion
"... our a co the e fu n fo factors underlying negative emotions such as fear and anxiety. Furthermore, the specific method used to construct the model permits a natural mapping from its components to brain structure and function. Our ce in e age da rning t mple i punishments. This derived from particula ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
our a co the e fu n fo factors underlying negative emotions such as fear and anxiety. Furthermore, the specific method used to construct the model permits a natural mapping from its components to brain structure and function. Our ce in e age da rning t mple i punishments. This derived from particular observations, for exam-ple the fact that rats usually exhibit a specific freezing response to fearful stimuli and can learn only a small set of responses to avoid punishment, with each response requiring a certain amount of learning experience (Bolles, 1970). a novel c en (Blanch Blanchard, 1989). Another important modulator of aversive behaviour is c lability. In a classic experiment on learned helplessness (Se & Maier, 1967), one group of dogs learnt to press a lever to termi-nate non-signalled electric shocks whereas a second group received shocks exactly contemporaneously to the first group but had no actual control on shock delivery, a procedure ensuring pun-ishment was matched in terms of number, intensity and time across groups. After the learning phase, the two groups were tested
The neural bases of uninstructed negative emotion modulation
"... Although numerous neuroimaging studies have examined what happens when individuals are instructed to regulate their emotions, we rarely receive such instruction in everyday life. This study sought to examine what underlies uninstructed modulation of negative affect by examining neural responses when ..."
Abstract
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Although numerous neuroimaging studies have examined what happens when individuals are instructed to regulate their emotions, we rarely receive such instruction in everyday life. This study sought to examine what underlies uninstructed modulation of negative affect by examining neural responses when responding naturally to negative stimuliand for comparisonduring instructed reappraisal of negative stimuli as well. Two analyses were conducted to identify how variability in negative affect related to neural responses when responding naturally. First, in a within-participant analysis, lower levels of self-reported negative affect on a given trial were associated with recruitment of dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (PFC)brain regions also active during instructed reappraisalwhereas higher levels of negative affect were associated with recruitment of the amyg-dalaa region that responded more strongly overall to negative than neutral stimuli. Second, in a between-participant analysis, lower levels of average self-reported negative affect were associated with recruitment of ventromedial PFC. These results suggest that uninstructed modulation of emotion involves a combination of two types of regulatory processes, with moment-to-moment modulation depending on prefrontal regions that support re-appraisal and individual differences in modulation depending on ventromedial PFC, a region involved in fear extinction.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Area-Specific Information Processing in Prefrontal Cortex during a Probabilistic Inference Task: A Multivariate fMRI BOLD Time Series Analysis
"... ..."
(Show Context)
