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...ons expressed as input-output model relations?”. We focus on properties expressed as input-output model relations since they have been highly investigated in the literature, using both textual (e.g., =-=[9, 3]-=-) and graphical (e.g., [11, 20]) property languages. After a thorough review of studies addressing the same research question, we found several limitations in the state of the art. For example, severa...

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...ribed in [8]. Application of transformation models using the same example as employed here, however with different underlying metamodels and focusing on transformation refinement, has been studied in =-=[3]-=-. The application of Alloy in the context of graph transformations has been recently proposed in [10]. Additional material for the example can be found in [6]. The rest of this paper is structured as ...

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... OCL has already been employed for testing and verification. Mutation testing for Fig. 5. Counterexample for independence of forRelshipExistsOneRelSchema. OCL constraints has been considered in [1], and test data generation from OCL constraints was discussed in [2]. Validation of OCL and object-oriented models for particular areas like web forms [11], or conceptual DB schemas [20] has been studied as well. OCL property derivation based on interactive proving techniques is put forward in [7]. Transformation models using the same example as here, but focusing on refinement, have been studied in [8]. A general context of descriptive transformations employing UML and OCL is described in [9]. Different notions of consistency have also been proposed in [10]. In contrast to the mentioned works, our approach is the only one which supports full OCL and studies general properties like invariant independence by automatically constructing object diagrams. Relationship to own work: The model validator is grounded on a translation of UML and OCL concepts into relational logic [18]. The same model transformation as here with focus on consistency and metamodel property preservation has been studied i...

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...nsformations based on different kinds of contracts such as model fragments [18], graph patterns [13], [9], Triple Graph Grammars (TGGs) [27] or dedicated testing languages [12]. The tool described in =-=[11]-=- automatically translates transformations in a number of transformation languages (such as ATL) into OCL. Verification is then done using a model finder which will attempt to find a counter-example to...

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...ML and OCL concepts into relational logic as described in [9]. Transformation models using the same example as here, however with different metamodels and focusing on refinement, have been studied in =-=[4]-=-. A general context of descriptive transformations employing UML and OCL is nicely described in [5]. The same example with focus on different transformation properties (as consistency and metamodel pr...

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...on two case studies [12] and [36] • Advanced on the verification of model transformations using SMT solvers (instead of SAT or CSPbased approaches commonly used before), with some encouraging results =-=[21]-=- and, related to this, [13] • A method to build models using instance-level information in terms of examples and counterexamples (gathering requirements using these instance scenarios is usually bette...