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28
Simultaneously Modeling Humans ’ Preferences and their Beliefs about Others ’ Preferences ABSTRACT
"... In strategic multiagent decision making, it is often the case that a strategic reasoner must hold beliefs about other agents and use these beliefs to inform its decision making. The behavior thus produced by the reasoner involves an interaction between the reasoner’s beliefs about other agents and t ..."
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Cited by 13 (2 self)
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In strategic multiagent decision making, it is often the case that a strategic reasoner must hold beliefs about other agents and use these beliefs to inform its decision making. The behavior thus produced by the reasoner involves an interaction between the reasoner’s beliefs about other agents and the reasoner’s own preferences. A significant challenge faced by model designers, therefore, is how to model such a reasoner’s behavior so that the reasoner’s preferences and beliefs can each be identified and distinguished from each other. In this paper, we introduce a model of strategic reasoning that allows us to distinguish between the reasoner’s utility function and the reasoner’s beliefs about another agent’s utility function as well as the reasoner’s beliefs about how that agent might interact with yet other agents. We show that our model is uniquely identifiable. That is, no two different parameter settings will cause the model to give the same behavior over all possible inputs. We then illustrate the performance of our model in a multiagent negotiation game played by human subjects. We find that our subjects have slightly incorrect beliefs about other agents in the game.
An Agent-Based Generic Model for Human-Like Ambience
- In: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Model Driven Software Engineering for Ambient Intelligence Applications. Published
, 2008
"... Abstract. A reusable agent-based generic model is presented for a specific class of Ambient Intelligence applications: those cases addressing human wellbeing and functioning from a human-like understanding. The model incorporates ontologies, knowledge and dynamic models from human-directed sciences ..."
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Cited by 10 (8 self)
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Abstract. A reusable agent-based generic model is presented for a specific class of Ambient Intelligence applications: those cases addressing human wellbeing and functioning from a human-like understanding. The model incorporates ontologies, knowledge and dynamic models from human-directed sciences such as psychology, social science, neuroscience and biomedical sciences. The model has been formally specified, and it is shown how for specific applications it can be instantiated by application-specific elements, thus providing an executable specification that can be used for prototyping. Moreover, it is shown how dynamic properties can be formally specified and verified against generated traces. 1
Attention Manipulation for Naval Tactical Picture Compilation
"... This paper presents an agent model that is able to manipulate the visual attention of a human, in order to support naval crew. It consists of four submodels, including a model to reason about a subject’s attention. A practical case study was formally analysed, and the results were verified using aut ..."
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Cited by 9 (7 self)
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This paper presents an agent model that is able to manipulate the visual attention of a human, in order to support naval crew. It consists of four submodels, including a model to reason about a subject’s attention. A practical case study was formally analysed, and the results were verified using automated checking tools. Results show how a human subject’s attention is manipulated by adjusting luminance, based on assessment of the subject’s attention. A first evaluation of the agent shows a positive effect. 1.
Adaptive Estimation of Emotion Generation for an Ambient Agent Model
"... Abstract. To improve the performance and wellbeing of humans in complex human-computer interaction settings, an interesting challenge for an ambient (or pervasive) agent system is to recognise the emotions of humans. To this end, this paper introduces a computational model to estimate the process of ..."
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Cited by 8 (6 self)
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Abstract. To improve the performance and wellbeing of humans in complex human-computer interaction settings, an interesting challenge for an ambient (or pervasive) agent system is to recognise the emotions of humans. To this end, this paper introduces a computational model to estimate the process of emotion generation based on certain triggers. The model has been implemented and tested using the modelling language LEADSTO. A first evaluation indicates that the model is successful in estimating a person’s emotions, and is robust to different parameter settings. 1
Automated Visual Attention Manipulation
"... Abstract. In this paper a system for visual attention manipulation is introduced and formally described. This system is part of the design of a software agent that supports naval crew in her task to compile a tactical picture of the situation in the field. A case study is described in which the syst ..."
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Cited by 8 (6 self)
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Abstract. In this paper a system for visual attention manipulation is introduced and formally described. This system is part of the design of a software agent that supports naval crew in her task to compile a tactical picture of the situation in the field. A case study is described in which the system is used to manipulate a human subject’s attention. To this end the system includes a Theory of Mind about human attention and uses this to estimate the subject’s current attention, and to determine how features of displayed objects have to be adjusted to make the attention shift in a desired direction. Manipulation of attention is done by adjusting illumination according to the calculated difference between a model describing the subject’s attention and a model prescribing it. 1
A Cognitive and Neural Model for Adaptive Emotion Reading by Mirroring Preparation States and Hebbian Learning
"... Two types of modelling approaches exist to reading an observed person’s emotions: with or without making use of the observing person’s own emotions. This paper focuses on an integrated approach that combines both types of approaches in an adaptive manner. The proposed models were inspired by recen ..."
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Cited by 8 (3 self)
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Two types of modelling approaches exist to reading an observed person’s emotions: with or without making use of the observing person’s own emotions. This paper focuses on an integrated approach that combines both types of approaches in an adaptive manner. The proposed models were inspired by recent advances in neurological context. Both a neural model and a more abstracted cognitive model are presented. In the first place emotion reading is modelled involving (preparatory) mirroring of body states of the observed person within the observing person. This involves a recursive body loop: a converging positive feedback loop based on reciprocal causation between preparations for body states and emotions felt. Here emotion reading involves the person’s own body states and emotions in reading somebody else’s emotions: first the same feeling is developed by mirroring, and after feeling the emotion, it is imputed to the other person. In the second place, as an extension an adaptive process is modelled based on Hebbian learning of a direct connection between a sensed stimulus concerning another agent’s body state (e.g., face expression) and an emotion imputation state. After this Hebbian learning process the emotion is imputed to the other agent before it is actually felt, or even without it is felt. Both the mirroring and Hebbian learning processes first have been modelled at a neural level, and next, in a more abstracted form at a cognitive level. By means of an interpretation mapping the paper shows the relation between the obtained cognitive model and the neurological model. In addition to specifications of both models and the interpretation mapping, simulation results are shown, and automated verification of relevant emerging properties is discussed.
A Recursive BDI-Agent Model for Theory of Mind and its Applications * TIBOR BOSSE
"... Abstract. This paper discusses a formal BDI-based agent model for Theory of Mind (ToM). The Model uses BDI concepts to describe the reasoning process of an agent that reasons about the reasoning process of another agent, which is also based on BDI concepts. We discuss three different application are ..."
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Cited by 6 (1 self)
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Abstract. This paper discusses a formal BDI-based agent model for Theory of Mind (ToM). The Model uses BDI concepts to describe the reasoning process of an agent that reasons about the reasoning process of another agent, which is also based on BDI concepts. We discuss three different application areas, and illustrate how the model can be applied to each of them. We explore a case study for each of the application areas and apply our model to it. For each case study, a number of simulation experiments are described, and their results are discussed. Keywords: Theory of Mind, Mindreading, BDI-agents, Applications. 1.
Emergent Storylines Based on Autonomous Characters with Mindreading Capabilities
- Proc. of the Sixth Intern. Conf. on Intelligent Agent Technology, IAT'07. IEEE Computer
, 2007
"... Virtual storytelling often uses a fixed, pre-scripted storyline, constraining the characters ’ autonomy and behaviour. An agent-based approach provides pos-sibilities of a narrative emerging from interaction between a number of autonomous characters. In this paper such an approach is proposed, based ..."
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Cited by 5 (5 self)
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Virtual storytelling often uses a fixed, pre-scripted storyline, constraining the characters ’ autonomy and behaviour. An agent-based approach provides pos-sibilities of a narrative emerging from interaction between a number of autonomous characters. In this paper such an approach is proposed, based on autonomous virtual agents that have mindreading capabilities. The approach is applied to generate out of a number of interacting characters a soap story-line, in which some of the characters use mindread-ing in order to mislead and manipulate the other characters. 1.
An Adaptive Human-Aware Software Agent Supporting Attention-Demanding Tasks
"... Abstract. This paper presents a human-aware software agent to support a human performing a task that demands substantial amounts of attention. The agent obtains human awareness in an adaptive manner by use of a dynamical model of human attention which is parameterised for specific characteristics of ..."
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Cited by 5 (5 self)
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Abstract. This paper presents a human-aware software agent to support a human performing a task that demands substantial amounts of attention. The agent obtains human awareness in an adaptive manner by use of a dynamical model of human attention which is parameterised for specific characteristics of the human. The agent uses a built-in adaptation model to adapt on the fly the values of these parameters to the personal characteristics of the human. The software agent has been implemented in a component-based manner within the Adobe ® Flex ® environment.
