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Evidence of Returns to Schooling in Africa from Household Surveys: Monitoring and Restructuring the Market for Education
, 2003
"... Notes: Center Discussion Papers are preliminary materials circulated to stimulate discussions and critical comments. Prepared for the African Economic Research Consortia meeting in Durban, South Africa, December 8, 2002. I have benefitted from the comments on an earlier version of this paper by ..."
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Notes: Center Discussion Papers are preliminary materials circulated to stimulate discussions and critical comments. Prepared for the African Economic Research Consortia meeting in Durban, South Africa, December 8, 2002. I have benefitted from the comments on an earlier version of this paper by
Innovation and Employment
- Handbook of Innovation
, 2003
"... mario pianta The relationship between innovation and employment is a complex one and has long been a topical issue in economic theory.1 Moving from the classical question ‘‘does technology create or destroy jobs?’ ’ recent research has investigated the impact ..."
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Cited by 33 (1 self)
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mario pianta The relationship between innovation and employment is a complex one and has long been a topical issue in economic theory.1 Moving from the classical question ‘‘does technology create or destroy jobs?’ ’ recent research has investigated the impact
Trends in Intergenerational Income Mobility
, 2006
"... Previous studies of recent U.S. trends in intergenerational income mobility have produced widely varying results, partly because of large sampling errors. By making more efficient use of the available information in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we generate more reliable estimates of the recen ..."
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Cited by 32 (0 self)
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Previous studies of recent U.S. trends in intergenerational income mobility have produced widely varying results, partly because of large sampling errors. By making more efficient use of the available information in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we generate more reliable estimates of the recent time-series variation in intergenerational mobility. Our results, which pertain to the cohorts born between 1952 and 1975, do not reveal major changes in intergenerational mobility. The authors are grateful for comments from Anders Bjorklund, Nathan Grawe, Steven
Wage and productivity dispersion in U.S. manufacturing; the role of computer investment, mimeo Center for Economic Studies
, 2001
"... We would like to thank Robert Topel, Andrew Hildreth and seminar participants at Carnegie- ..."
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Cited by 28 (1 self)
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We would like to thank Robert Topel, Andrew Hildreth and seminar participants at Carnegie-
Trade liberalisation and wages in developing countries
- Economic Journal
, 2004
"... This paper reviews the effects of trade liberalisation on wages in developing countries, and presents new evidence for Brazil. Wages fell substantially in the traded sector after trade lib-eralisation, consistent with there being reduced rents as industries faced greater competition. After trade lib ..."
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Cited by 27 (2 self)
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This paper reviews the effects of trade liberalisation on wages in developing countries, and presents new evidence for Brazil. Wages fell substantially in the traded sector after trade lib-eralisation, consistent with there being reduced rents as industries faced greater competition. After trade liberalisation there was an increase in the marginal returns to college education. Within the traded sector, the impact of increasing openness on wages was insignificant for those in the top two education groups but negative for lower level education groups. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that imported technology raised the relative de-mand for highly skilled labour. It is widely maintained that one of the causes of the growth of wage inequality in many industrialised countries is a change in the relative demand for skilled workers (Freeman, 1995; Gottschalk and Smeeding, 1997; De Santis, 2002; Acemoglu, 2003). There is little agreement, however, about the underlying causes of the change in the structure of labour demand. Some empirical evidence shows a relationship between an increase in international trade, wage dispersion and the level of employment, which has led a number of economists to conclude that
Explaining Women’s Success: Technological Change and the Skill Content of Women’s Work”,
, 2006
"... Abstract The closing of the gender wage gap is an ongoing phenomenon in industrialized countries. However, research has been limited in its ability to understand the causes of these changes, due in part to an inability to directly compare the work of women to that of men. In this study, we use a ne ..."
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Abstract The closing of the gender wage gap is an ongoing phenomenon in industrialized countries. However, research has been limited in its ability to understand the causes of these changes, due in part to an inability to directly compare the work of women to that of men. In this study, we use a new approach for analyzing changes in the gender pay gap that uses direct measures of job tasks and gives a comprehensive characterization of how work for men and women has changed in recent decades. Using data from West Germany, we find that women have witnessed relative increases in non-routine analytic tasks and non-routine interactive tasks, which are associated with higher skill levels. The most notable difference between the genders is, however, the pronounced relative decline in routine task inputs among women with little change for men. These relative task changes explain a substantial fraction of the closing of the gender wage gap. Our evidence suggests that these task changes are driven, at least in part, by technological change. The authors thank
Estimating the Variance of Wages in the Presence of Selection and Unobserved Heterogeneity
, 2004
"... and seminar participants at several universities and institutions for additional comments. All remaining Estimating the changes in the variance of wages features in two intensively researched areas of economics, one examining changes in residual inequality, the other investigating the link between c ..."
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and seminar participants at several universities and institutions for additional comments. All remaining Estimating the changes in the variance of wages features in two intensively researched areas of economics, one examining changes in residual inequality, the other investigating the link between college attendance and wage uncertainty. Both literatures typically neglect the effects of endogenous schooling choices and unobserved heterogeneity on observed changes in variance. This paper develops a tractable empirical approach to both issues. The estimates suggest that selection bias matters for variance comparisons; accounting for selection can double or triple the variance differential between high school and college. The approach also allows residual inequality to be decomposed into two sources — unobserved heterogeneity (known to the agent making the schooling choice) and wage uncertainty (unknown to the agent). Results indicate that heterogeneity accounts for more of residual inequality for college attendees than for high school graduates, suggesting that previous estimates may exaggerate the deterrent effect of uncertainty on schooling choices.
