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The Infant–Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA). Unpublished Manual
- University of Massachusetts Boston Department of Psychology, Boston, MA. Yale University
, 2000
"... In this paper the refinement and psychometric properties of the Infant–Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA) are described. Results from a sociodemographically diverse birth cohort sample of 1,235 parents of children between the ages of 12 and 36 months are presented. Confirmatory factor a ..."
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Cited by 57 (7 self)
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In this paper the refinement and psychometric properties of the Infant–Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA) are described. Results from a sociodemographically diverse birth cohort sample of 1,235 parents of children between the ages of 12 and 36 months are presented. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the hypothesized Internalizing, Externalizing, Regulatory, and Competence do-mains as well as the 17 individual scales that comprise the ITSEA. Findings for 3 additional indices useful in identifying significant psychopathology are presented. Subgroup analyses revealed structural invariance and expected mean level differences across both child sex and 6-month age bands. Child sex differences emerged for some problem and most competence scales, with boys rated as higher on Activity/Impulsivity and girls rated higher on Anxiety and most Competence scales. All competence scores increased across age groups. Problem behaviors showed a more mixed developmental pattern. Test–retest and interrater reliability were acceptable. Associations between the ITSEA and indepen-dent evaluator ratings and parental ratings of child behavior problems, temperament, and parental distress support the validity of the instrument. KEY WORDS: behavior problems; social–emotional competencies; infant; assessment; scale development. In this paper, the refinement of a recently developed
TEMPERAMENTAL PREDICTORS OF ANXIETY DISORDERS
"... Temperament is a fundamental factor in psychological adjustment throughout development. The present paper explores the relation between temperament and the emergence of anxiety disorders in children and young adults. The paper focuses on two of the most prominent models in current temperament resear ..."
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Temperament is a fundamental factor in psychological adjustment throughout development. The present paper explores the relation between temperament and the emergence of anxiety disorders in children and young adults. The paper focuses on two of the most prominent models in current temperament research – Kagan’s model of behavioral inhibition and Rothbart’s multidimensional model of reactivity and self-regulation, and discusses the main differences and points of convergence between them, with respect to assessment and behavioral/biological manifestations. Controversial issues and difficulties related to childhood anxiety disorders (diagnosis, forms of manifestation, comorbidity) are also analyzed. The major aim of this paper is to determine the degree of empirical support for temperament as a risk factor in the development of anxiety disorders, and the specificity of this support. Although straightforward conclusions are difficult to draw, due to the unbalanced representation of the two models in the literature (most of the research was conducted on behavioral inhibition) and the diversity of measurement methods and samples used, we consider that existing results are encouraging; they point to temperament as a promising area of investigation in the search for anxiety risk factors.
Article Cognitive Biases and the Link Between Shyness and Social Anxiety in Early
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Sleep Disturbances and Family Environment Correlates in
"... Director: Marcie C. Goeke-Morey, Ph.D. Background: A growing empirical literature supports that sleep problems are prevalent among clinically anxious youth. Children with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) report especially high rates of sleep problems yet systematic investigation of the specific n ..."
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Director: Marcie C. Goeke-Morey, Ph.D. Background: A growing empirical literature supports that sleep problems are prevalent among clinically anxious youth. Children with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) report especially high rates of sleep problems yet systematic investigation of the specific nature of sleep disturbances through both objective and subjective sleep measures is unavailable in non-depressed children with primary GAD. Research suggests that overlapping biological and environmental risk factors underlie the complex bidirectional relationship between sleep and anxiety; however identification of potentially modifiable environmental risk factors for sleep disturbance in pediatric GAD, including family and parenting factors, is also lacking. Objective: To address these gaps and identify potential intervention targets specific to pediatric GAD, the current study examines specific sleep problems and proposed family correlates in non-depressed pre-pubescent children with primary GAD as compared to their healthy peers utilizing both actigraphy and parent-reported measures of sleep. Method: 52 children (ages 7-11 years), including 29 with GAD and 23 healthy controls, participated. All underwent structured diagnostic assessment. Parents and children reported on family factors. Sleep was assessed via
iv TABLE OF CONTENTS
, 2007
"... I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Masha Gartstein for her support in completing this project, as well as her support throughout my graduate training. Furthermore, I would like to thank my committee members Dr. Craig Parks and Dr. Leonard Burns for their support with this project. ..."
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I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Masha Gartstein for her support in completing this project, as well as her support throughout my graduate training. Furthermore, I would like to thank my committee members Dr. Craig Parks and Dr. Leonard Burns for their support with this project.
Summary
, 2005
"... Animal models are used to study the physiological mechanisms underlying disease progression. In this paper, I examine the benefits of using animal models to study how personality or stable individual differences (in behavior and physiology) influence disease susceptibility and resilience. Such an ex ..."
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Animal models are used to study the physiological mechanisms underlying disease progression. In this paper, I examine the benefits of using animal models to study how personality or stable individual differences (in behavior and physiology) influence disease susceptibility and resilience. Such an expansion of animal model use, to study the relationships among personality, physiology, and health, provides a unique complement to human studies. Human studies are necessarily correlational and involve minimally-invasive physiological measures, whereas animal studies can involve experimental manipulations of potentially causal variables. For example, with animal models, genetic and environmental precursors of personality can be manipulated to test how behavioral response biases affect health, and physiological parameters can be manipulated to observe resulting changes in behavioral traits and health. In addition to these experimental benefits, lifespan longitudinal studies can be conducted with short-lived animal models to address cumulative, potentially subtle effects of personality on health. In general, animal models allow for greater in-depth analyses of physiological processes underlying relationships between personality and health, and a means for determining causal mechanisms.
INVITED REVIEW The endophenotype concept in psychiatric genetics
"... The idea that some phenotypes bear a closer relationship to the biological processes that give rise to psychiatric illness than diagnostic categories has attracted considerable interest. Much effort has been devoted to finding such endophenotypes, partly because it is believed that the genetic basis ..."
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The idea that some phenotypes bear a closer relationship to the biological processes that give rise to psychiatric illness than diagnostic categories has attracted considerable interest. Much effort has been devoted to finding such endophenotypes, partly because it is believed that the genetic basis of endophenotypes will be easier to analyse than that of psychiatric disease. This belief depends in part on the assumption that the effect sizes of genetic loci contributing to endophenotypes are larger than those contributing to disease susceptibility, hence increasing the chance that genetic linkage and association tests will detect them. We examine this assumption by applying meta-analytical techniques to genetic association studies of endophenotypes. We find that the genetic effect sizes of the loci examined to date are no larger than those reported for other phenotypes. A review of the genetic architecture of traits in model organisms also provides no support for the view that the effect sizes of loci contributing to phenotypes closer to the biological basis of disease is any larger than those contributing to disease itself. While endophenotype measures may afford greater reliability, it should not be assumed that they will also demonstrate simpler genetic architecture.
PERSONALITY PROCESSES AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Cultural Variation in Affect Valuation
"... The authors propose that how people want to feel (“ideal affect”) differs from how they actually feel (“actual affect”) and that cultural factors influence ideal more than actual affect. In 2 studies, controlling for actual affect, the authors found that European American (EA) and Asian American (AA ..."
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The authors propose that how people want to feel (“ideal affect”) differs from how they actually feel (“actual affect”) and that cultural factors influence ideal more than actual affect. In 2 studies, controlling for actual affect, the authors found that European American (EA) and Asian American (AA) individuals value high-arousal positive affect (e.g., excitement) more than do Hong Kong Chinese (CH). On the other hand, CH and AA individuals value low-arousal positive affect (e.g., calm) more than do EA individuals. For all groups, the discrepancy between ideal and actual affect correlates with depression. These findings illustrate the distinctiveness of ideal and actual affect, show that culture influences ideal affect more than actual affect, and indicate that both play a role in mental health.
unknown title
"... Temperament and the environment in the etiology of childhood anxiety ..."
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b,d
, 2007
"... Attention alters neural responses to evocative faces in behaviorally inhibited adolescents Koraly Pérez-Edgar, a,b,⁎ ..."
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Attention alters neural responses to evocative faces in behaviorally inhibited adolescents Koraly Pérez-Edgar, a,b,⁎
