Citation Context

...anisms and components of working memory affected by anxiety. Processing efficiency theory is based on the tripartite working memory model (Baddeley, 1986), since expanded into a four-component model (=-=Baddeley, 2001-=-). According to the original model, the limitedcapacity working memory system consists of (a) a modality-free central executive involved in the processing of information and having self-regulatory fun...

Citation Context

...ruct-level discussion of both WM and g. There are two basic propositions from the theoretical literature: (a) that WM measures directly assess “executive control,” or attentional capacity (see, e.g., =-=Baddeley, 2002-=-; Marsh & Hicks, 1998) and (b) that g is a representation of attentional capacity (at least as seen from the perspective of some researchers; see discussions by Lohman, 1996; Messick, 1996). If these ...

Citation Context

...le in complex cognitive activities and being in the heart of the control of action. Finally, whether or not the different functions assigned to the central executive are separated is still discussed (=-=Baddeley, 2001-=-). Competing models of working memory have been proposed (for a presentation of these models, see Myake & Shah, 1999). For example, Cowan (2001) regards working memory as an activated portion of long-...

Citation Context

...te. Central Executive Visuospatial sketchpad Episodic buffer Phonological loopsVisual SemanticssEpisodic LTMsLanguage Figure 4: the figure above represents Baddeley’s current model of working memory (=-=Baddeley, 2002-=-). 46 Memory, Stress Effects, and Anxiety There are a variety of tasks in which memory has been measured under stress. To be more precise, these investigations have typically addressed working memory,...

Citation Context

...r. It has also been argued (e.g. Miyake &sShah 1999) that the notion of a central executive stillsbegs the question of a homunculus (Baddeley freelysadmits the problem of the homunculus in his model:s=-=Baddeley 2001-=-1, and it is an unanswered question insmost current working-memory models.sFrederick L. Coolidge & Thomas WynnsIn a factor-analytic study of executive functions,sMiyake et al. (2000) identified three ...

Citation Context

...t suppressing speech had no effect on the players’ ability to reproduce a chessFIGURE 1 Baddeley’s initial (a) and revised (b) theory of working memory. Note. From “Is Working Memory Working?,” by A. =-=Baddeley, 2001-=-, American Psychologist, 56, p. 851–864. Copyright 2000 by the American Psychological Association. Reprinted with permission. MULTIMEDIA LEARNING 89 board, but suppressing visual and spatial processin...

Citation Context

...rily the strong relationship between WM and intelligence. Nevertheless, we endorse the statement by Kane et al. (2004) supporting the existence of a general ability to maintain stimulus representations (irrespective of content domain) in an active state. However, while Kane et al. (2004) propose that this general ability must be attributed to a presumed controlled attention ability, we suggest the more parsimonious view that this ability derives from a single capacity coping with several diverse memory challenges (Colom, Rebollo, Abad, & Shih, in press; Colom & Shih, 2004). In this same vein, Baddeley (2002) initially conceived the central executive bin the vaguest possible terms as a limited capacity pool of general processing resourcesQ (p. 89, emphasis added). Further, Cowan (2004) suggests that the processing component of WM tasks prevent covert rehearsal, and, therefore, presumably temporary storage requirements are greater in WM tasks than in STM tasks. The difference between those memory span tasks is that the former comprises additional processing requirements fighting against the reliable temporary maintenance of the relevant information. Therefore, bthere is no reason to remain obsessed...