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184
Knowledge Networks as Channels and Conduits: The Effects of Spillovers in the Boston Biotechnology Community
, 2004
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Algorithms for estimating relative importance in networks
- In Proceedings of KDD 2003
, 2003
"... Large and complex graphs representing relationships among sets of entities are an increasingly common focus of interest in data analysis—examples include social networks, Web graphs, telecommunication networks, and biological networks. In interactive analysis of such data a natural query is “which e ..."
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Cited by 138 (4 self)
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Large and complex graphs representing relationships among sets of entities are an increasingly common focus of interest in data analysis—examples include social networks, Web graphs, telecommunication networks, and biological networks. In interactive analysis of such data a natural query is “which entities are most important in the network relative to a particular individual or set of individuals? ” We investigate the problem of answering such queries in this paper, focusing in particular on defining and computing the importance of nodes in a graph relative to one or more root nodes. We define a general framework and a number of different algorithms, building on ideas from social networks, graph theory, Markov models, and Web graph analysis. We experimentally evaluate the different properties of these algorithms on toy graphs and demonstrate how our approach can be used to study relative importance in real-world networks including a network of interactions among September 11th terrorists, a network of collaborative research in biotechnology among companies and universities, and a network of co-authorship relationships among computer science researchers.
Modes of Network Governance: Structure, Management, and Effectiveness.
- Journal of Public Administration Research & Theory,
, 2008
"... ABSTRACT This article examines the governance of organizational networks and the impact of governance on network effectiveness. Three basic models, or forms, of network governance are developed focusing on their distinct structural properties. Propositions are formulated examining conditions for th ..."
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Cited by 119 (5 self)
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ABSTRACT This article examines the governance of organizational networks and the impact of governance on network effectiveness. Three basic models, or forms, of network governance are developed focusing on their distinct structural properties. Propositions are formulated examining conditions for the effectiveness of each form. The tensions inherent in each form are then discussed, followed by the role that management may play in addressing these tensions. Finally, the evolution of governance is explored. Networks have been widely recognized by both scholars and practitioners as an important form of multi-organizational governance. The advantages of network coordination in both public and private sectors are considerable, including enhanced learning, more efficient use of resources, increased capacity to plan for and address complex problems, greater competitiveness, and better services for clients and customers (see This article addresses these issues by focusing on the critical role of network governance and its impact on network effectiveness. We recognize that the study of effectiveness has been problematic at both organizational
Interorganizational Networks at the Network Level: A review of the empirical literature on whole networks
- Journal of Management
, 2007
"... This article reviews and discusses the empirical literature on interorganizational networks at the network level of analysis, or what is sometimes referred to as “whole ” networks. An overview of the distinction between egocentric and network-level research is first introduced. Then, a review of the ..."
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Cited by 108 (5 self)
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This article reviews and discusses the empirical literature on interorganizational networks at the network level of analysis, or what is sometimes referred to as “whole ” networks. An overview of the distinction between egocentric and network-level research is first introduced. Then, a review of the modest literature on whole networks is undertaken, along with a summary table outlining the main findings based on a thorough literature search. Finally, the authors offer a discussion concerning what future directions might be taken by researchers hoping to expand this important, but understudied, topic. Keywords: interorganizational networks; whole networks; network level of analysis; networks The literature on networks is by now quite extensive. From social networks to organizational networks and beyond, networks have been and continue to be an emerging and developing field of study that has spanned many disciplines, including, but not limited to, organizational theory and behavior, strategic management, business studies, health care †The authors would like to thank Joe Galaskiewicz for his insights and comments during the development of this article.
Jellyfish: A conceptual model for the AS internet topology
, 2004
"... Several novel concepts and tools have revolutionized our understanding of the Internet topology. Most of the existing efforts attempt to develop accurate analytical models. In this paper, our goal is to develop an effective conceptual model: a model that can be easily drawn by hand, while at the sam ..."
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Cited by 91 (7 self)
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Several novel concepts and tools have revolutionized our understanding of the Internet topology. Most of the existing efforts attempt to develop accurate analytical models. In this paper, our goal is to develop an effective conceptual model: a model that can be easily drawn by hand, while at the same time, it captures significant macroscopic properties. We build the foundation for our model with two thrusts: a) we identify new topological properties, and b) we provide metrics to quantify the topological importance of a node. We propose the jellyfish as a model for the inter-domain Internet topology. We show that our model captures and represents the most significant topological properties. Furthermore, we observe that the jellyfish has lasting value: it describes the topology for more than six years.
Overlapping community detection at scale: a nonnegative matrix factorization approach
- In WSDM
, 2013
"... Network communities represent basic structures for understanding the organization of real-world networks. A community (also re-ferred to as a module or a cluster) is typically thought of as a group of nodes with more connections amongst its members than between its members and the remainder of the n ..."
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Cited by 41 (5 self)
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Network communities represent basic structures for understanding the organization of real-world networks. A community (also re-ferred to as a module or a cluster) is typically thought of as a group of nodes with more connections amongst its members than between its members and the remainder of the network. Communities in networks also overlap as nodes belong to multiple clusters at once. Due to the difficulties in evaluating the detected communities and the lack of scalable algorithms, the task of overlapping community detection in large networks largely remains an open problem. In this paper we present BIGCLAM (Cluster Affiliation Model for Big Networks), an overlapping community detection method that scales to large networks of millions of nodes and edges. We build on a novel observation that overlaps between communities are densely connected. This is in sharp contrast with present com-munity detection methods which implicitly assume that overlaps between communities are sparsely connected and thus cannot prop-erly extract overlapping communities in networks. In this paper, we develop a model-based community detection algorithm that can detect densely overlapping, hierarchically nested as well as non-overlapping communities in massive networks. We evaluate our al-gorithm on 6 large social, collaboration and information networks with ground-truth community information. Experiments show state of the art performance both in terms of the quality of detected com-munities as well as in speed and scalability of our algorithm.
SOCIAL CAPITAL, GEOGRAPHY, AND SURVIVAL: GUJARATI IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURS IN THE U.S. LODGING INDUSTRY
, 2004
"... Immigrant entrepreneurs often rely on their group’s local social capital in their new home market to establish and maintain their businesses. In particular, immigrant entrepreneurs with few resources of their own receive help from those possessing more resources. Supporting these arguments using the ..."
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Cited by 17 (0 self)
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Immigrant entrepreneurs often rely on their group’s local social capital in their new home market to establish and maintain their businesses. In particular, immigrant entrepreneurs with few resources of their own receive help from those possessing more resources. Supporting these arguments using the empirical setting of Gujarati immigrant entrepreneurs in the lodging industry, we find that the likelihood of survival of an immigrant entrepreneur’s hotel increases when surrounded by higher counts of branded hotels (representing high-resource establishments) owned by individuals from their ethnic group but is unaffected by unbranded hotels (representing low-resource establishments) owned by members of their ethnic group or by branded hotels owned by individuals from other ethnic groups. These results isolate and reinforce the importance of social capital not only for immigrant entrepreneurs but also more generally for any entrepreneurs who are able to participate in ethnic, professional, religious or social groups.
A matching theory of alliance formation and organizational success: Complementarity and compatibility
- Academy of Management Journal
"... This study advances our understanding of network dynamics by applying matching theory to the formation of interorganizational alliances. We introduce market complementary and resource compatibility as two critical matching criteria in alliance formation, and argue that good matches increase firm per ..."
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Cited by 16 (1 self)
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This study advances our understanding of network dynamics by applying matching theory to the formation of interorganizational alliances. We introduce market complementary and resource compatibility as two critical matching criteria in alliance formation, and argue that good matches increase firm performance. Using data from liner shipping, we find effects of matching on alliance formation. But contrary to our expectations, alliances by networked firms, rather than isolate firms, exhibit better match quality, suggesting that networks facilitate matching rather than sacrifice it. We also find evidence that alliances with matched partners improve firm performance and survival chances. (95 words)
