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..., especially in Web search, explicit query refinement is rarely used [2]. More generally, people are typically unwilling to spend extra effort on specifying their intentions. A study by Teevan et al. =-=[25]-=- suggests that instead of fully specifying their search goals up front, people often browse to their targets via pages identified by less precise but more easily specified queries. This result resonat...

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...consistent behavior, we have a chance to adapt user interfaces to take advantage of predicted behavior. Through the research in areas such as information foraging [27], sensemaking [33], orienteering =-=[25,36]-=- search interface design [8], and information visualization [2], the research community is at the forefront of developing search technology that serves a diverse range of purposes. However, large-scal...

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...echniques for studying Web search is examining search-engine log files [18, 23]. Other researchers have used diary studies to explore the use (and limitations) of search engines in users’ daily lives =-=[24]-=-. Researchers at PARC have done careful studies using eye tracking and detailed activity-logging to develop user models for how people explore the Web [3]. As noted above, most Web-search interfaces a...

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...discuss simple but effective ways to automatically detect refinding queries and implications for search engine design. 2. RELATED WORK Re-finding behavior has recently attracted considerable interest =-=[1, 3, 4, 6, 20, 21, 22]-=-. Many re-finding studies have been limited to small-scale laboratory or interview based studies. Such studies of re-finding have consistently found that people tend to rely on meta-data about their t...

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...file’s context include other concurrently accessed files, the user’s current task, even the user’s physical location — any actions or data that the user associates with the file’s use. A recent study =-=[38]-=- showed that most users organize and search their data using context. For example, a user may group files related to a particular task into a single directory, or search for a file by remembering what...

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...search suggests that search alone, no matter howsgood it becomes as a way of finding personal informationsagain, is likely to remain a second choice to moresincremental, stepwise methods of re-access =-=[11, 13]-=-.sInitialsresults of the current study make an additional statementsthat the re-access to personal information is not necessarilysthe sole or even the primary purpose of a foldersorganization.sIn reco...

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...teractions. One approach to inferring searchers’ information goals is to consider the patterns of pages viewed in sessions as well as the dwell times on pages as implicit indicators of interest [1][8]=-=[26]-=-[29]. For example, a researcher may start a session by searching for a another researcher by name, select a link to that colleague’s home page from the results, navigate from the home page to a list o...

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...s is true,showever, across all research strategies.sField studies are becoming an increasingly common research strategy for studying user behaviour on the Web (Choo et al.,s2000; Sellen et al., 2002; =-=Teevan et al., 2004-=-). The primary strength of field studies is the increase in realism as participantssare observed working in their own environment(s), with their own tools (e.g., bookmarks, history, choice of browser)...