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2002: Radar, passive microwave, and lightning characteristics of precipitating systems in the Tropics
"... The bulk radar reflectivity structures, 85- and 37-GHz brightness temperatures, and lightning characteristics of precipitating systems in tropical Africa, South America, the east Pacific, and west Pacific are documented using data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite during ..."
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The bulk radar reflectivity structures, 85- and 37-GHz brightness temperatures, and lightning characteristics of precipitating systems in tropical Africa, South America, the east Pacific, and west Pacific are documented using data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite during August, September, and October of 1998. The particular focus is on precipitation features [defined as a contiguous area $75 km2 with either a near-surface reflectivity $20 dBZ or an 85-GHz polarization-corrected temperature (PCT) # 250 K] with appreciable rainfall, which account for the bulk of the total rainfall and lightning flash density in their respective regions. Systems over the tropical continents typically have greater magnitudes of reflectivity extending to higher altitudes than tropical oceanic systems. This is consistent with the observation of stronger ice scattering signatures (lower 85- and 37-GHz PCT) in the systems over land. However, when normalized by reflectivity heights, tropical continental features consistently have higher 85-GHz PCT than tropical oceanic features. It is inferred that greater supercooled water contents aloft in the tropical continental systems contribute to this brightness temperature difference. Lightning (as detected by the Lightning Imaging Sensor) is much more likely in tropical continental features than tropical oceanic features with similar brightness temperatures or similar reflectivity heights. Vertical profiles
2007: Improving simulations of convective systems from TRMM LBA: Easterly and westerly regimes
"... The 3D Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model is used to simulate two convective events observed during the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Large-Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere (TRMM LBA) experiment in Brazil. These two events epitomized the type of convective systems that formed in two distinctly different ..."
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The 3D Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model is used to simulate two convective events observed during the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Large-Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere (TRMM LBA) experiment in Brazil. These two events epitomized the type of convective systems that formed in two distinctly different environments observed during TRMM LBA. The 26 January 1999 squall line formed within a sheared low-level easterly wind flow. On 23 February 1999, convection developed in weak low-level westerly flow, resulting in weakly organized, less intense convection. Initial simulations captured the basic organization and intensity of each event. However, improvements to the model resolution and microphysics produced better simulations as compared to observations. More realistic diurnal convective growth was achieved by lowering the horizontal grid spacing from 1000 to 250 m. This produced a gradual transition from shallow to deep convection that occurred over a span of hours as opposed to an abrupt appearance of deep convection. Eliminating the dry growth of graupel in the bulk microphysics scheme effectively removed the unrealistic presence of high-density ice in the simulated anvil. However, comparisons with radar reflectivity data using contoured-frequency-with-altitude diagrams (CFADs) revealed that the resulting snow contents were too large. The excessive snow was reduced primarily by lowering the collection efficiency of cloud
An Examination of Version-5 Rainfall Estimates from the TRMM Microwave Imager, Precipitation Radar, and Rain Gauges on Global, Regional, and Storm Scales
, 2003
"... An evaluation of the version-5 precipitation radar (PR; algorithm 2A25) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI; algorithm 2A12) rainfall products is performed across the Tropics in two ways: 1) by comparing long-term TRMM rainfall products with Global Precipitation Clim ..."
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Cited by 2 (0 self)
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An evaluation of the version-5 precipitation radar (PR; algorithm 2A25) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI; algorithm 2A12) rainfall products is performed across the Tropics in two ways: 1) by comparing long-term TRMM rainfall products with Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) global rain gauge analyses and 2) by comparing the rainfall estimates from the PR and TMI on a rainfall feature-by-feature basis within the narrow swath of the PR using a 1-yr database of classified precipitation features (PFs). The former is done to evaluate the overall biases of the TMI and PR relative to ‘‘ground truth’’ to examine regional differences in the estimates; the latter allows a direct comparison of the estimates with the same sampling area, also identifying relative biases as a function of storm type. This study finds that the TMI overestimates rainfall in most of the deep Tropics and midlatitude warm seasons over land with respect to both the GPCC gauge analysis and the PR (which agrees well with the GPCC gauges in the deep Tropics globally), in agreement with past results. The PR is generally higher than the TMI in midlatitude cold seasons over land areas with gauges. The analysis by feature type reveals that the TMI overestimates relative to the PR are due to overestimates in mesoscale convective systems and in most features with 85-GHz polarization-corrected temperature of less than 250 K (i.e., with a significant optical depth of precipitation ice). The PR tended to be
Article The Improved NRL Tropical Cyclone Monitoring System with a Unified Microwave Brightness Temperature Calibration Scheme
, 2014
"... www.mdpi.com/journal/remotesensing ..."
CORRECTING FOR PRECIPITATION EFFECTS IN SATELLITE-BASED PASSIVE MICROWAVE TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY ESTIMATES
, 2005
"... Public reporting burden for this collection of Information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments ..."
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Public reporting burden for this collection of Information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this
CORRECTING FOR PRECIPITATION EFFECTS IN SATELLITE-BASED PASSIVE MICROWAVE TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY ESTIMATES
, 2005
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Article Calibration of the L-MEB Model for Croplands in HiWATER Using PLMR Observation†
, 2015
"... remote sensing ..."
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HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL AND REMOTE SENSING ANALYSES: THE CASE OF RECENT EXTREME FLOODS IN NORTHERN ITALY
, 1995
"... Abstract. Some recent events over Northern Italy, including the event of November 4-6th, 1994 are analyzed by means of the available satellite-borne monitoring devices. The use of remote sensing techniques provides that ‘far-from-the-object ’ perspective that proves extremely useful in many hydrolog ..."
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Abstract. Some recent events over Northern Italy, including the event of November 4-6th, 1994 are analyzed by means of the available satellite-borne monitoring devices. The use of remote sensing techniques provides that ‘far-from-the-object ’ perspective that proves extremely useful in many hydrological applications including flood forecasting. The information content of geosynchronous satellite data is discussed in this paper with specific reference to image sequences as provided by the radiometer borne on the ESA-Meteosat platform in the thermal infrared band. Further useful information is derived from ERS-1/SAR images and from the passive microwave sensors presently flying on two spacecraft of the NASA DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program). The role of each source of information is discussed in the integrated use of multisensor produced data. 1.
Product PR-OBS-1 Precipitation rate at ground by MW conical scanners INDEX
, 2011
"... Algorithm Theoretical Baseline Document (ATBD) for product H01 – PR‐OBS‐1 Precipitation rate at ground by MW conical scanners Version: 1.1 ..."
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Algorithm Theoretical Baseline Document (ATBD) for product H01 – PR‐OBS‐1 Precipitation rate at ground by MW conical scanners Version: 1.1