Citation Context

...ria for inclusion (see below); 13 were used in previous meta-analyses (see, e.g., Ackerman, Beier, & Boyle, 2005; Daneman & Merikle, 1996; Mukunda & Hall, 1992) and 8 were recently published studies (=-=Colom, Abad, Rebollo, & Shih, 2005-=-; Hambrick, 2003; Kane et al., 2004; Lustig, Hasher, & May, 2001, young adults only; Mackintosh & Bennett, 2003; Sü� et al., 2002; Unsworth & Engle, 2005; and Unsworth et al., 2005). Additionally, we ...

Citation Context

.../location span tasks (forward and backward) to estimate working memory; however, converging experimental evidence reveals that both tasks are measures of short-term memory rather than working memory (=-=Colom et al. 2005-=-; Rosen and Engle 1997; Swanson and Kim 2007), and likely underestimate the significant role of the central executive in impulsive behavior. This conclusion is consistent with recent experimental stud...

Citation Context

.... Findings from an experimental study, however, suggest that phonological storage deficits may reflect the presence of comorbid reading and language impairments rather than ADHD-related phonological storage deficiencies (Martinussen and Tannock 2006). This conclusion was based on finding significant digits backward but not digits forward performance deficits for children with ADHD relative to typically developing children, whereas children with ADHD with comorbid reading and language disabilities exhibited performance deficits on both tasks. Studies by Rosen and Engle (1997) and others (e.g., Colom et al. 2005; Swanson and Kim 2007), however, provide compelling evidence that forward and backward span tasks (e.g., digits forward and backward) load on a distinct short-term memory dimension and separately from established working memory measures (Swanson et al. 1999). Forward and backward simple span tasks also differentially predict multiple academic domains relative to established working memory measures (e.g., Swanson and Kim 2007), whereas working memory complex span but not forward/backwards simple span measures predict fluid intelligence after accounting for their shared variance (Engle et al. 1...

Citation Context

...ormation long enough in order to analyse and evaluate propositions and their relations in an argument structure, which in turn facilitates their ability to answer subsequent test questions correctly (=-=Colom, Abad, Rebollo, & Shih, 2005-=-; Hitch & Baddeley, 1976). This interpretation is also consistent with the results of Experiment 1, in which verbal reasoning wassalso found to be correlated with comprehension performance. Spatial re...

Citation Context

... to represent specific variance of the working memory system partialing out their shortterm storage and processing components (i.e. mental speed, processing efficiency, and controlled attention) (see =-=Colom et al., 2005-=- b for further details). Table 3 shows that only short-term storage and mental speed contribute to the prediction of working memory. Short-term storage explains 27%, whereas mental speed increase the ...

Citation Context

...tain information long enough in order to assimilate the reasoning within asproposition or a set of propositions, which in turn facilitates their ability to answerssubsequent test questions correctly (=-=Colom et al., 2005-=-; Hitch & Baddeley, 1976).sThis interpretation is consistent with the findings from Experiments 1 and 2, in whichsverbal reasoning was also found to be correlated with comprehension. Spatialsreasoning...

Citation Context

...-processing measures included variance in the single tasks. One couldsthen argue – as some authors did to explain the correlations between storage-and-processing tasks and generalsintelligence (e.g., =-=Colom, Abad, Rebollo, & Shih, 2005-=-) – that the variance of the storage component and not thesvariance of coordinating storage and processing operations is responsible for these tasks intercorrelations. Althoughsthe current study canno...