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Information Retrieval Interaction
, 1992
"... this document, text or image about?' Gradually moving from the left to the right in Figure 3.1, different understandings of this concept evolve ..."
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this document, text or image about?' Gradually moving from the left to the right in Figure 3.1, different understandings of this concept evolve
Median measure: An approach to IR systems evaluation
- Information Processing and Management
, 2001
"... * To whom all correspondence should be addressed. In this paper we report results from three studies examining 1295 relevance judgments by 36 IR system end-users. We examined both the region of the relevance judgment, from non-relevant to highly relevant, and motivations or levels of their relevance ..."
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* To whom all correspondence should be addressed. In this paper we report results from three studies examining 1295 relevance judgments by 36 IR system end-users. We examined both the region of the relevance judgment, from non-relevant to highly relevant, and motivations or levels of their relevance judgments. Our study has three major findings. First, the frequency distributions of relevance judgments by IR system end-users tend to take on a bi-modal shape with peaks at the extremes (non relevant/relevant) with a flatter middle range. Second, the different type of scale (interval or ordinal) used in each study did not alter the shape of the relevance frequency distributions. And third, on an interval scale, the median point of relevance judgment distributions correlates with the point where relevant and partially relevant items begin to be retrieved. The median point of a relevance judgment distribution may provide a measure of user/IR system interaction to supplement precision/recall measures. The implications of our investigation for relevance theory and IR systems evaluation are discussed. 2
An analysis of two approaches in information retrieval: From frameworks to study designs
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
, 2007
"... There is a well-known gap between Systems-oriented IR and User-oriented IR, which Cogni-tive IR seeks to bridge. It is therefore interesting to analyze approaches at the level of frame-works, models, and study designs. This article is an exercise in such an analysis, focusing on two significant appr ..."
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Cited by 11 (1 self)
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There is a well-known gap between Systems-oriented IR and User-oriented IR, which Cogni-tive IR seeks to bridge. It is therefore interesting to analyze approaches at the level of frame-works, models, and study designs. This article is an exercise in such an analysis, focusing on two significant approaches to IR, the Lab IR approach and Ingwersen’s Cognitive IR ap-proach. It focuses on their research frameworks, models, hypotheses, laws and theories, study designs and possible contributions. The two approaches are found quite different. This be-comes apparent in the use of independent, controlled and dependent variables in the study de-signs of each approach. Thus each approach is capable of contributing very differently to un-derstanding and developing information access. The article also discusses integrating the ap-proaches at the study design level.
The Seventeen Theoretical Constructs of Information Searching and Information Retrieval
"... In this article, we identify, compare, and contrast theoretical constructs for the fields of information searching and information retrieval to emphasize the uniqueness of and synergy between the fields. Theoretical constructs are the foundational elements that underpin a field’s core theories, mode ..."
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In this article, we identify, compare, and contrast theoretical constructs for the fields of information searching and information retrieval to emphasize the uniqueness of and synergy between the fields. Theoretical constructs are the foundational elements that underpin a field’s core theories, models, assumptions, methodologies, and evaluation metrics. We provide a framework to compare and contrast the theoretical constructs in the fields of information searching and information retrieval using intellectual perspective and theoretical orientation. The intellectual perspectives are information searching, information retrieval, and cross-cutting; and the theoretical orientations are information, people, and technology. Using this framework, we identify 17 significant constructs in these fields contrasting the differences and comparing the similarities. We discuss the impact of the interplay among these constructs for moving research forward within both fields. Although there is tension between the fields due to contradictory constructs, an examination shows a trend toward convergence. We discuss the implications for future research within the information searching and information retrieval fields.
Information studies without information
- Library Trends
, 2004
"... In philosophy of language, the phenomena fundamental to human communication are routinely modeled in ways that do not require commitment to a concept of “information ” separate from those of “data, ” “meaning,” “communication, ” “knowledge, ” and “relevance ” (inter alia). A taxonomy of conceptions ..."
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Cited by 10 (0 self)
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In philosophy of language, the phenomena fundamental to human communication are routinely modeled in ways that do not require commitment to a concept of “information ” separate from those of “data, ” “meaning,” “communication, ” “knowledge, ” and “relevance ” (inter alia). A taxonomy of conceptions of information may be developed that relies on commonly drawn philosophical distinctions (between linguistic, mental, and physical entities, between objects and events, and between particulars and universals); in such a taxonomy, no category requires the label “information” in order to be differentiated from others. It is suggested that a conception of information-as-relevance is currently the most productive of advances in theoretical information studies. Unsurprisingly, the nature of information has long been a topic of central concern for scholars of information studies (IS). 1 The body of literature in which authors have attempted to provide answers to the question “What is information? ” may be viewed in any (or any combination) of the following ways: (i) as contributing to science—if information is cast as a naturally occurring phenomenon; (ii) as contributing to social science—if information is considered to be a product of human artifice; or (iii) as contributing to philosophy—if “information ” is treated primarily as a fundamental concept existing at the same level as, for example, meaning, knowledge, and truth. Although this body of literature is sizeable when taken as a whole, the quantity of work that may be classed under the third heading is small. One approach that is often taken in studies representative of the third class is to compare theories of information with theories of knowledge. Commonly,
Relevance: An Interdisciplinary and Information Science Perspective
- Informing Science
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Search History for User Support in Information-Seeking Interfaces
, 2000
"... The research overview described focuses on the design of search history displays to support information seeking (IS). It examines users' IS activities, current and potential use of histories, and building on this theoretical framework, assesses prototype interfaces that integrate these historie ..."
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The research overview described focuses on the design of search history displays to support information seeking (IS). It examines users' IS activities, current and potential use of histories, and building on this theoretical framework, assesses prototype interfaces that integrate these histories into search systems. Preliminary results described indicate search history use in coordinated work, mental model building, and end user IS strategies. Searchers create and use external records of their actions and the corresponding results by writing/typing notes, using copy and paste functions, and making printouts. Recording user actions and results in computerized systems automates this process, and enables the creation of search history displays that support users in their IS. Existing systems provide search history capabilities, however these often do not offer enough flexibility for users. Legal information has been selected as the domain for the research. Keywords History, Information-...
A phase-model of the cross-cultural learning process of LIS international doctoral students: Characteristics and interventions
- Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science & Technology 2005 Annual Meeting: Sparking Synergies: Bringing Research and Practice Together @ ASIST '05
, 2005
"... This paper develops a phase-model of the cross-cultural learning process of LIS international doctoral students and provides a consolidated, indepth, and comprehensive look at their experiences that extends prior anecdotal and survey-based efforts. Semi-structured interviews along with informal dis ..."
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This paper develops a phase-model of the cross-cultural learning process of LIS international doctoral students and provides a consolidated, indepth, and comprehensive look at their experiences that extends prior anecdotal and survey-based efforts. Semi-structured interviews along with informal discussions, analysis of electronic interactions, and observations as a participant researcher identify cross-cultural learning experiences of all the twenty-two international doctoral students from a representative LIS program in the United States. The phases in the model of the cross-cultural learning process represent significant cognitive (thoughts), affective (feelings), and physical (actions) aspects of the experiences of LIS international doctoral students. Mapping participants' concerns and challenges during each phase is used to highlight interventions at the level of discipline, program, faculty, doctoral student community, and individual student that together provide a practical application to the research. Proposed interventions need to be holistically applied in conjunction with each other to promote mutual "two-way" learning where international students learn from the discipline and the discipline learns from the international students. Such an approach suggests symbiotic connections between improvements in effectiveness of student learning and efforts to tap into the cultural knowledge of international students to further growth in internationalization of LIS education in the United States.
In Sickness and in Health How Information and Knowledge Are Related to Health Behaviour
, 2003
"... - enrolled as doctoral student at the Department of Information Studies ..."
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- enrolled as doctoral student at the Department of Information Studies
The Social and Intellectual Development of Library and
, 2006
"... The background of the project is partly found in a long tradition within library and information science (LIS) of meta-analyses on the field, partly in a science studies discussion on research fields and their contextual relation to wider academia, fields of professional practices and professionaliz ..."
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The background of the project is partly found in a long tradition within library and information science (LIS) of meta-analyses on the field, partly in a science studies discussion on research fields and their contextual relation to wider academia, fields of professional practices and professionalization processes. The general purpose of the project is to analyze the social and intellectual development and organization of LIS; and to investigate the impact of the close relation to the practice field, as well as the relation to the academic world in general. Based on the general purpose of the project and results and interpretations of the four articles attached to the thesis, three questions were stated for discussion in the thesis proper, concerning: the effects of a dual origin and LIS as a discipline, a field of research and a field of practice, the purpose of meta-studies and implications in terms of identity and perception of LIS; and competition and cooperation with other fields of research. Because of the heterogeneous nature of LIS, a variety of methods and materials was used in the different articles; and methodological issues on limits and bias in bibliographic databases – and the implications on the perception of research areas with varying publication and citation
