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Humpback Whale Song or Humpback Whale Sonar? A Reply to Au et al.
"... Abstract—Au and colleagues ’ arguments against the hypothesis that humpback whale songs function as long-range sonar are based on questionable assumptions rather than on empirical data. Like other echolocating mammals (e.g., bats), singing humpback whales: 1) localize targets in the absence of visua ..."
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Abstract—Au and colleagues ’ arguments against the hypothesis that humpback whale songs function as long-range sonar are based on questionable assumptions rather than on empirical data. Like other echolocating mammals (e.g., bats), singing humpback whales: 1) localize targets in the absence of visual information; 2) possess a highly innervated peripheral auditory system; and 3) modulate the temporal and spectral features of their sounds based on environmental conditions. The sonar equation is inadequate for determining whether humpback whale songs generate detectable echoes from other whales because it does not account for temporal variables that can strongly affect the detectability of echoes. In particular, the sonar equation ignores the fact that much of the noise encountered by singing humpback whales is spectrally and temporally predictable, and that audition in mammals is a dynamic and plastic process. Experiments are needed to test the hypothesis that singing humpback whales listen for and respond to echoes generated by their songs. Index Terms—Baleen whale, cetacean, environmentally-adaptive sonar, low-frequency sonar, mysticete.
unknown title
, 2011
"... Quantifying year around changes in a humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) song sound using multivariate statistics and artificial neural networks ..."
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Quantifying year around changes in a humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) song sound using multivariate statistics and artificial neural networks
Recurring patterns in the songs of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)
"... This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or sel ..."
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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit:
© the Mammalogical Society of Japan Songs of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae
"... Abstract. Changes in the songs of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae in the Ryukyu and Bonin regions of Japan were examined, and songs from the two regions were compared. Eighty-four song sessions in the Ryukyu region, from 1991 to 1997, and eleven song sessions in the Bonin region, from 1992 to ..."
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Abstract. Changes in the songs of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae in the Ryukyu and Bonin regions of Japan were examined, and songs from the two regions were compared. Eighty-four song sessions in the Ryukyu region, from 1991 to 1997, and eleven song sessions in the Bonin region, from 1992 to 1995, were analyzed. The mean number of theme types was 6.9 for the Ryukyu samples and 7.6 for the Bonin samples. Song similarities were higher within winter than between winters and similarity declined as the number of intervening years increased, indicating that in these regions songs change with time. Song similarities for consecutive years varied, suggesting that the rate of change varies annually. Songs in the same year were very similar in both the Ryukyu and Bonin samples, furthermore site-specific theme types were not found. These results suggest there may be acoustic contact between animals using the two regions, supporting a previous photographic study which indicated that humpback whales migrate between these two regions. Key words: acoustic contact, Megaptera novaeangliae, migration, song similarity. Humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae migrate between high-latitude summer feeding regions and low-latitude wintering regions where calving and mating take place (Baker and
