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The genome organization of the Nidovirales: similarities and differences between arteri-, toro-, and coronaviruses
- Semin Virol
, 1997
"... Viruses in the families Arteriviridae and Coronaviridae have enveloped virions which contain nonseg-mented, positive-stranded RNA, but the constituent genera differ markedly in genetic complexity and virion structure. Nevertheless, there are striking resemblances among the viruses in the organizatio ..."
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Viruses in the families Arteriviridae and Coronaviridae have enveloped virions which contain nonseg-mented, positive-stranded RNA, but the constituent genera differ markedly in genetic complexity and virion structure. Nevertheless, there are striking resemblances among the viruses in the organization and expression of their genomes, and sequence conservation among the polymerase polyproteins strongly suggests that they have a common ancestry. On this basis, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses recently established a new order, Nidovirales, to contain the two families. Here, the common traits and distinguishing features of the Nidovirales are reviewed. r 1997 Academic Press KEY WORDS: arterivirus; coronavirus; torovirus; polyprotein processing; RNA recombination.
Optimization of targeted RNA recombination and mapping of a novel nucleocapsid gene mutation in the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus
- J
, 1994
"... We have recently described a method of introducing site-specific mutations into the genome of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) by RNA recombination between cotransfected genomic RNA and a synthetic subgenomic mRNA (C. A. Koetzner, M. M. Parker, C. S. Ricard, L. S. Sturman, and P. S. Maste ..."
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Cited by 39 (10 self)
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We have recently described a method of introducing site-specific mutations into the genome of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) by RNA recombination between cotransfected genomic RNA and a synthetic subgenomic mRNA (C. A. Koetzner, M. M. Parker, C. S. Ricard, L. S. Sturman, and P. S. Masters, J. Virol. 66:1841-1848, 1992). By using a thermolabile N protein mutant ofMHV (Alb4) as the recipient virus and synthetic RNA7 (the mRNA for the nucleocapsid protein N) as the donor, we selected engineered recombinant viruses as heat-stable progeny resulting from cotransfection. We have now been able to greatly increase the efficiency of targeted recombination in this process by using a synthetic defective interfering (DI) RNA in place of RNA7. The frequency of recombination is sufficiently high that, with Alb4 as the recipient, recombinants can be directly identified without using thermal selection. The synthetic DI RNA has been used to demonstrate that the lesion in another temperature-sensitive and thermolabile MHV mutant, Albl, maps to the N gene. Sequencing of the Albl N gene revealed two closely linked point mutations that fall in a region of the N molecule previously noted as being the most highly conserved region among all of the coronavirus N proteins. Analysis of revertants of the Albl mutant revealed that one of the two mutations is critical for the temperature-sensitive phenotype; the second mutation is phenotypically silent. The unique genomic composition of RNA viruses puts them
Neuroinvasion by human respiratory coronaviruses. J Virol 2000;74:8913–21. Address for correspondence: Kwok-Kwong Lau, Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; fax: (852
, 2004
"... These include: This article cites 54 articles, 17 of which can be accessed free at: ..."
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Cited by 18 (2 self)
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These include: This article cites 54 articles, 17 of which can be accessed free at:
Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the spike glycoprotein of human coronavirus HCV 229E
- J. Gen. Virol
, 1990
"... The gene encoding the spike glycoprotein of the human coronavirus HCV 229E has been cloned and sequenced. This analysis predicts an S polypeptide of 1173 amino acids with an M, of 128600. The polypeptide has 30 potential N-glycosylation sites. A number of structural features typical of coronavirus S ..."
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Cited by 14 (4 self)
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The gene encoding the spike glycoprotein of the human coronavirus HCV 229E has been cloned and sequenced. This analysis predicts an S polypeptide of 1173 amino acids with an M, of 128600. The polypeptide has 30 potential N-glycosylation sites. A number of structural features typical of coronavirus S proteins can be recognized, including a signal sequence, a membrane anchor, heptad repeat structures and a carboxy-terminal cysteine cluster. A detailed, computer-aided comparison with the S proteins of infectious bronchitis virus, feline infectious peritonitis virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus and murine hepatitis virus, strain JHM is presented. We have also done a Northern blot analysis of viral RNAs in HCV 229Einfected cells using synthetic oligonucleotides. On the basis of this analysis, and by analogy to the replication strategy of other coronaviruses, we are able to propose a model for the organization and expression of the HCV 229E genome.
A phylogenetically conserved hairpin-type 39 untranslated region pseudoknot functions in coronavirus RNA replication
- J Virol
, 1999
"... This article cites 67 articles, 37 of which can be accessed free ..."
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This article cites 67 articles, 37 of which can be accessed free
Characterization of a coronavirus isolated from a diarrheic foal
- Journal of Clinical Microbiology
, 2000
"... A coronavirus was isolated from feces of a diarrheic foal and serially propagated in human rectal adeno-carcinoma (HRT-18) cells. Antigenic and genomic characterizations of the virus (isolate NC99) were based on serological comparison with other avian and mammalian coronaviruses and sequence analysi ..."
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A coronavirus was isolated from feces of a diarrheic foal and serially propagated in human rectal adeno-carcinoma (HRT-18) cells. Antigenic and genomic characterizations of the virus (isolate NC99) were based on serological comparison with other avian and mammalian coronaviruses and sequence analysis of the nucleo-capsid (N) protein gene. Indirect fluorescent-antibody assay procedures and virus neutralization assays demonstrated a close antigenic relationship with bovine coronavirus (BCV) and porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (mammalian group 2 coronaviruses). Using previously described BCV primers, the N protein gene of isolate NC99 was amplified by a reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) procedure. The RT-PCR product was cloned into pUC19 and sequenced; the complete N protein of NC99 (446 amino acids) was then compared with published N protein sequences of other avian and mammalian coronaviruses. A high degree of identity (89.0 to 90.1%) was observed between the N protein sequence of NC99 and published sequences of BCV (Mebus and F15 strains) and human coronavirus (strain OC43); only limited identity (<25%) was observed with group 1 and group 3 coronaviruses. Based on these findings, the virus has been tentatively identified as equine coronavirus (ECV). ECV NC99 was determined to have close antigenic and/or genetic relationships with mammalian group 2 coronaviruses, thus identifying it as a member of this coronavirus antigenic group. The Coronaviridae are a large group of RNA-containing
A Hypervariable Region within the 3 � cis-Acting Element of the Murine Coronavirus Genome Is Nonessential for RNA Synthesis but Affects Pathogenesis �
, 2006
"... These include: This article cites 59 articles, 37 of which can be accessed free at: ..."
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These include: This article cites 59 articles, 37 of which can be accessed free at:
Differential in vitro inhibition of feline enteric coronavirus and feline infectious peritonitis virus by actinomycin d
, 1992
"... The growth of feline enteric oronavirus strain 79-1683 in whole feline embryo cells was inhibited by the presence of 1 ~tg/ml of actinomycin D in the culture fluid. No virus-specific mRNAs could be detected in such cultures and yields of infectious virus were depressed by>99%. By contrast, the an ..."
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The growth of feline enteric oronavirus strain 79-1683 in whole feline embryo cells was inhibited by the presence of 1 ~tg/ml of actinomycin D in the culture fluid. No virus-specific mRNAs could be detected in such cultures and yields of infectious virus were depressed by>99%. By contrast, the antigenically related feline infectious peritonitis virus strain 79-1146 was unaffected by the presence of actinomycin D, indicating a fundamental difference between the two feline coronavirus trains in their requirements for host-encoded function(s). Feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) are two coronaviruses which, although antigenically similar (Sanchez et al., 1990), show markedly different issue tropisms and virulence.
infectious peritonitis virus by actinomycin D
, 2016
"... The growth of feline enteric oronavirus strain 79-1683 in whole feline embryo cells was inhibited by the presence of 1 ~tg/ml of actinomycin D in the culture fluid. No virus-specific mRNAs could be detected in such cultures and yields of infectious virus were depressed by>99%. By contrast, the an ..."
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The growth of feline enteric oronavirus strain 79-1683 in whole feline embryo cells was inhibited by the presence of 1 ~tg/ml of actinomycin D in the culture fluid. No virus-specific mRNAs could be detected in such cultures and yields of infectious virus were depressed by>99%. By contrast, the antigenically related feline infectious peritonitis virus strain 79-1146 was unaffected by the presence of actinomycin D, indicating a fundamental difference between the two feline coronavirus trains in their requirements for host-encoded function(s). Feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) are two coronaviruses which, although antigenically similar (Sanchez et al., 1990), show markedly different issue tropisms and virulence.
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"... Sequence analysis of the turkey enteric coronavirus nucleocapsid and membrane protein genes: a close genomic relationship with bovine coronavirus ..."
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Sequence analysis of the turkey enteric coronavirus nucleocapsid and membrane protein genes: a close genomic relationship with bovine coronavirus
