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...veloping the Ariadne notation it was assumed that the set of elemental categories of articulation # A similar idea of selecting objects and related operations has been suggested by Malone and others (=-=Malone and Crowston, 1990-=-) as an initial foundation for an interdisciplinary `coordination theory'. This effort has evolved into the current attempt to define `tools for inventing organizations' (Malone et al., 1993). 190 K. ...

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...task-oriented work group’’ that ‘‘typically focus on organizationally assigned tasks.’’ Collaboration occurs within the context of cooperative work and is defined as ‘‘multiple individuals working together in a planned way in the same production process or in different but connected production processes’’ [60]. Because individuals who cooperate or perform tasks together share only partially overlapping goals, individual group members’ activities must be coordinated to ensure that the disparate individuals come to share the same goals. Coordination involves actors working together harmoniously [37,38] to accomplish a collective set of tasks [56]. A group decision results from interpersonal communication among group members [14]. 4.2. Group support systems Group support systems (GSS) or collaboration support systems enhance the communication-related activities of team members engaged in computer-supported cooperative work. The communication and coordination activities of team members are facilitated by technologies that can be characterized along the three continua of time, space, and level of group support [1,14,30]. Teams can communicate synchronously or asynchronously; they may be locate...

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...ood, 1981). Collaborative design retains all of the features of design tasks that make them difficult but adds to it the usual array of coordination issues that characterize group work (Brooks, 1975; =-=Malone & Crowston, 1990-=-; McGrath, 1984). The early or upstream stages of system design that are our focus are probably the most important in the development of useful, usable, maintainable software (Curtis, Krasner, & Iscoe...

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...Further work is concerned with the design of computer-based artifacts supporting coordination of manufacturing work. Others have explicitly addressed and modelled coordination work (e.g., Holt, 1988; =-=Malone and Crowston, 1990-=-; Kaplan et al., 1992; Fitzpatrick et al., 1995), but these are to a very limited degree based on empirical studies of artifacts introduced in order to cope with the complexity of the coordination wor...

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... with proper scheduling (Strauss et al., 1985). Within CSCW, coordination has theoretically been addressed by Coordination Mechanism (Schmidt, 1993; Schmidt and Simone, 1996) and Coordination Theory (=-=Malone and Crowston, 1990-=-, 1994; Crowston, 1994). Both of these theories define coordination as the management of interdependencies among activities in terms of actors, goals, time, space, quality of products, etc.; if there ...

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...uating information in order to make a joint decision).sCoordinationsParticularly in complex, non-routine tasks, the coordination of joint efforts is a crucialsfactor for the success of collaboration (=-=Malone & Crowston, 1990-=-, 1994; Wittenbaum,sVaughan & Stasser, 1998). Coordination is necessary because of interdependenciessthat arise when subtasks build upon each other, when time is limited, or when groupsmembers depend ...